BIODIVERSITY

WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY
• Bio=life/organism,
diversity=variety(kepelbagaian)

• Biodiversity is the wide variety of organism on

earth.

• biodiversity is everywhere(jungle, pond,

classroom, school).
 Classification of organisms
• Sorting(mengelaskan) organisms into groups is
called classification.
• Classification of animal help us to study them
easily.
• Organisms are classified based on their
characteristics(ciri-ciri).
• There are 5 major groups of organism called
kingdoms.
I. Animals
II. Plants
III. Fungi(kulat)
IV. Bacteria
V. Simple organisms.

• Animals and plants are two major kingdoms.

Classification of animals

animals

Vertebrates
(with backbones )

Invertebrates
(without backbones)
1. Amphibians
2. Fish
3. Birds
4. Mammals
5. reptiles
 Amphibians
• Cold-blooded
• Moist skin
• Can live both on land & in water
• Most amphibian adults live on land
• Lay egg in water
• Eggs fertilised outside female’s body
• Breathe through gills(young amphibian)
• Breathe through lung(adults)
• Toad, salamander
 Fish
• Cold-blooded
• Skin is covered with hard & slimy scales
• Have fin & tails to swim
• Breathe through gills
• Lay eggs that are fertilised outside bodies
 Birds
• Warm-blooded
• Have feather, beaks & wings.
• Not all can fly(chickens, ostrich)
• Breathe through lung.
• Lay egg & fertilised internally(di dalam badan)
 Mammals
• Warm blooded
• Bodies are covered with hair or fur
• Their egg fertilised internally & their young
develop inside female body.
• Their young feed on milk from the mother
mammary glands.
• Breathe through lung.
• Elephant, whales, dolphin, orang-utan
 Reptiles
• Cold-blooded
• Have hard dry scales for protection.
• Breathe with lung
• Lay egg & fertilised inside body.
• The egg have tough, leathery shells to prevent
them from drying.
• Tortoise, snake, lizard.
 Classification of plants
• Plants can be classified based on common characteristics,
examples:
1. Grow on land
2. Grow in water
3. Woody stem
4. Shrub(pokok renek)
5. Flowering
6. Non-flowering
7. Have seed
8. Net-veined leaves
9. Parallel-veined leaves
 Classification of plants
Plants z

Non-flowering
Flowering
(conifers)

With Without seed

seed(berbiji) (ferns, mosses,
algae)
 Flowering
plants

Monocotyledons Dicotyledons

- Two cotyledon
- One cotyledon
- Have tap roots
- Have fibrous roots
- Leaves have network
- Leaves have parallel
vein
vein - They are trees, shrubs
- Mostly herbaceous
- Example: grass, sugar or herbaceous.
- Example: durian,
cane, banana, paddy &
rubber, hibiscus,
orchid
sunflower
 Flowering plants
• Produce flower
• Flowers are reproductive organ
• Two groups:monocotyledon & dicotyledon
• Cotyledon is the main seed leaf for
germination of new seedlings.
• Cotyledon contain starch as food for the seeds
that are unable to make their own food.
 Non-flowering plants
• Do not produce flowers
• Reproduce through spores
• Divided into 4 groups:
1. Algae
2. Mosses
3. Conifers
4. Ferns
 Algae
• Live in water
• Do not have true leaves, roots, stem
• Can conduct photosynthesis (has chlorophyls)
• Example: seaweed, spirogira, ulva, brown alga
 Mosses
• Growing in moist area
• Can conduct photosynthesis
• Do not have true leaves, roots, stems
 Conifers
• Trees with woody stem
• Conduct photosynthesis
• Needle-like leaves
• Most have straight & large stems
• Example: pine, casuarina, cycad
 Ferns
• Epiphyte plants (live on other plants) without
harming the host.
• Conduct photosynthesis
• Reproduce by spores
• Have true leaves, roots, stems
 The importance of biodiversity
• Important to balanced environment
• Biodiversity provide us:
I. Source of food
II. Source of materials
III. Source of medicine
IV. Clean source of water
V. Air to breathe

It is important to maintain biodiversity as a natural heritage

of the country.