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B.pharm-Connective Tissue & Skin
B.pharm-Connective Tissue & Skin
Dr.R.Arulmoli
Learning outcome
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE PROPER
CARTILAGE BONE BLOOD
Dense
Adipose
Regular
Elastic
Irregular
Connective tissue proper - structure
Two types:
Fixed cells.
Neutrophils -
Phagocytose and
digest bacteria in
areas of acute
inflammation,resulti
ng in the formation
of pus, which is
accumulation of
dead neutophils
and debris.
Eosinophils
Eosinophils like
neutrophils are attracted
to the areas of
inflammation.
Combat parasites by
releasing cytokines.
They are also attracted to
the site of allergic
inflammation, where they
moderate allergic reaction
and phagocytose
anibody-antigen complex.
Basophils
Basophils :(similar to
mast cells) release
preformed and newly
synthesized
pharmacological
agents that
initiate,
maintain, and
control the
inflammatory process.
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are
present only in small
numbers in most
connective tissue
except at the site of
chronic inflammation,
where they are
abundant.
Classification of connective tissue proper
collagen
nuclei of cells
elastin
abundant ground substance
Loose areolar connective tissue-400X
collagen
nuclei of cells
elastin
abundant ground substance
Loose connective tissue
Present just deep to the skin (superficial fascia).
Adventitia of the blood vessels, parenchyma of
glands.
In the lamina propria of mucous membrane.
Dense connective tissue
reticular fibers
spleen
Adipose connective tissue
nucleus
cell membrane
Summary:
Connective tissue
2 types :
1.Thick skin seen in palm & sole.
2. Thin skin seen in other parts of the body.
Skin
Superficial layer - Epidermis - made of
stratified squamous keratinised epithelium.
Deeper layer - Dermis - made of dense
iregular connective tissue.
Deeper to these 2 layers - subcutaneous
tissue or hypodermis.
Epidermis
Dermal Papilla
Epidermal papilla
Dermis
Epidermis
5 layers:
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
Epidermis - Layers
1.Stratum basale or
basal layer or germinal
layer or stratum
germinativum:
2. Stratum spinosum or
Malpighian layer:
Several layers of polygonal
keratinocytes. Cells attached to
each other by desmosomes.
Cytoplasm shows fibrils (made of
keratin filaments)- these fibrils are
attached to the wall of the
desmosomes.
Cells retract while taking a
section except at desmosomes. As
a result the cells appears to have
spines: so this layer gets the name
spinosum.
Epidermis - Layers
3. Stratum granulosum:
1-5 layers of flat cells with
granular cytoplasm consist
of keratohyalin and keratin
filaments.
Epidermis - Layers
4.Stratum Lucidum:
5.Stratum corneum:
Most superficial layer, acellular
flat scale like elements (squames)
containing keratin filaments.
Hair
Sebaceous gland
Sweat gland
Nail
Hair
Acne vulgaris-Pimple:
Due to blocked excess secretion of
sebaceous glands occurs during puberty
due to hormonal change.
Sweat gland
Exocrine gland,excretes sweat.
Seen in both thick and thin skin.
Parts:
1. Highly coiled body made of secretory part lies in the reticular
layer of dermis.
2. The duct traverses the dermis,epidermis to open on the
surface.
Breast - Mammary Gland