Part programming

Unit II
2nd Evaluation
2.1 Introduction

A program defining motion of tool/workpiece in its coordinate system is

known as a part program
Part programming consists of a sequence of instructions to be performed on
the NC / CNC
There are two methods of part programming
Manual part programming
Computer Aided part programming
EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance ) lenguaje (RS 274D( G and M code or
G code
Processed one line at a time sequentially.
CNC Language and Structure
CNC programs list instructions to be performed
They read like a book, left to right and top-down.
Each sentence in a CNC program is written on a separate line, called a Block.

1. Program Start
2. Load Tool
3. Spindle On
4. Coolant On
5. Rapid motion to position cutting tool above part
6. Machining operations
7. Coolant Off
8. Spindle Off
9. Move to safe position
10. End program
Part Program
N Sequence or line number
A tag that identifies the beginning of a block of N 10
code. It is used by operators to locate specific N 20
lines of a program when entering data or verifying N 30
the program operation. N 40

G Preparatory function
G words specify the mode in which the CNC
machine is to move along its programmed axes.
G 00 = linear interpolation, fast motion
G 01 = linear interpolation, cutting
G 02 = Circula interpolation, Clockwise
Part Program
Dimension Words
X Distance or position in X direction
Y Distance or position in Y direction x 0.5 y 0.3 z 1.3
Z Distance or position in Z direction

M Miscellaneous functions
M words specify CNC machine functions not
related to dimensions or axial movements.
M 03 Turn on spindle
M 07 turn on coolant
Part Program

F Feed rate
Rate at which cutting tool moves along an axis.
Inches per minute or millimeters per minute.
F= 10.0 mm/s

S Spindle speed
Controls spindle rotation speed.
rpm revolutions per minute. S= 5000

T Tool number
Specifies tool to be selected. T 03
Programming procedure
CNC Syntax
The most common CNC format is the word address format
 Common Format of a Block

Sequence Preparatory Dimension Feed Spindle Tool Misc.

# Function Words Rate Function Function Function

N50 G90 G01 X1.40Y2.25 F10 S1500 T01 M03

Individual Words
Reference points

a) Machine Origin
b) Program Origin
c) Part Origin
Preparatory codes
Miscellaneous codes
Example
Create the G-code to machine the following profile. The depth of cut must be
10 mm, the spindle must have a speed of 1000 rpm clockwise, no coolant
required, radius of curvature is 25 mm.