U.S.

History
Monday, November 6th
 Warm Up
Mindset Monday

What Pillars of Christianity do you think the author is

writing about?

What blessings flow from our republican government?

How are Christianity and democracy related? Can you have one
without the other?
 Today in History
1860 Abraham Lincoln is elected U.S. President.
1861 Jefferson Davis is elected President of the
Confederacy.
 War of Words
Federalists supported the Constitution
and wanted to see it pass.
Anti-federalists were against the
Constitution.
 War of Words
Cato a weeks after the Pennsylvania
Packet published the proposed
Constitution, the governor of New York
began publishing articles denouncing it
under a pseudonym.
He was joined by Sidney and Brutus
in writing Anti-Federalist editorials.
 War of Words
Publius Federalist Alexander Hamilton
responded by writing The Federalist
Papers, along with John Jay and James
Madison.
The Struggle for Ratification
The Federalist Papers
85 essays written by John Jay (5), James
Madison (29) and Alexander Hamilton
(51).
Published in 2 volumes in 1788 to
answer questions and defend the
Constitution.
The Struggle for Ratification
The Federalist Papers
The Federalist Papers was instrumental in
seeing the Constitution ratified as well as
serving as a commentary on the
proposed government.
The Struggle for Ratification
The Federalist Papers
The message of The Federalist reads: no
happiness without liberty, no liberty
without self-government, no self-
government without constitutionalism,
no constitutionalism without morality
and none of these great goods without
stability and order. Clinton Rossiter
The Struggle for Ratification
Thirteen Battles
The first 5 states of Delaware,
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia and
Connecticut ratified the Constitution
quickly and easily.
Massachussets, Maryland, South
Carolina and New Hampshire followed,
which made 9 states.
The Struggle for Ratification
Thirteen Battles
New York and Virginia had to ratify in
order to unify the nation.
New York would separate New England
from the rest of the country.
Virginia would cut off the South.
The Struggle for Ratification
Thirteen Battles
Anti-Federalists in Virginia were led by
Patrick Henry, delegate George Mason
and governor Edmund Randolph.
Their objections were:
Fear of a central, national government
The absence of guarantees of personal
liberties
The Struggle for Ratification
Thirteen Battles
Federalists didnt oppose civil liberties,
but rather felt a written list was too
restrictive or unnecessary.
They also felt that a Bill of Rights would
impede ratification of the Constitution
and national order.
The Struggle for Ratification
Thirteen Battles
James Madison, the Father of the
Constitution, promised to introduce
amendments for a Bill of Rights in the
first session of Congress.
This promise helped Virginia to ratify
the Constitution by a narrow margin.
The Struggle for Ratification
Thirteen Battles
After Virginia ratified, New York also
ratified by a narrow margin even though
Anti-Federalists outnumbered
Federalists.
Rhode Island and North Carolina held
out longer, but finally ratified in 1789
and 1790 respectively.
 The Bill of Rights
1791 Congress adopted the first 10
amendments of the Constitution, call the
Bill of Rights.
Lists the individual rights and freedoms,
including the guarantee of religious
freedom.
President George Washington
1788 The nation elected
Representatives for the House.
State legislatures elected Senators and
electors for the Electoral College.
George Washington was unanimously
elected as the nations first president.
John Adams was Vice President
President George Washington
George Washington is the only POTUS to have
been elected by a unanimous electoral vote.
However, North Carolina and Rhode Island
hadnt ratified the Constitution yet and New
York didnt choose their electors in time.
Bad weather prevented 2 votes from Maryland
and 2 from Virginia from reaching the Senate in
time.
President George Washington
April 30, 1789 Washington was sworn
in as president in New York City, the
nations first capital.
Washington asked to place his hand on a
Bible and finished his inauguration saying,
so help me God, which has been
tradition for every President since.
President George Washington
Washington was aware that he was setting
precedent for every president that would
follow after him and was very conscious
about his decisions.
He wanted the office to be strong but not
oppressive and to encourage American
business.