Characteristics of an efficient

transportation system
- a well designed intra-city system
- reasonable cost
- high degree of safety and reliability
- avoid unnecessary traffic flow
- well maintained and managed
 Causes of transport problems
- increased demand
- lack road space
- inadequate transport facilities
- lack of long term traffic improvement
programme
- mismanagement of transport facilities
- lack of urban planning
 Effects of transport problems
- transport congestion
- transport cost increases
- travelling time increases
- productivity decreases
- more traffic accidents
- loss of life and property
- serious air pollution
 Effects on land use pattern
- hinder outward urban expansion
- city remain compact
- hinder function segregation
- mixed land use pattern
- high urban population density in city
centre
- hinder future growth
 Solutions
Better urban planning
improve transport system
improve public transport
discourage using private cars
more economic use of existing road surface