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Chapter7 Compressible Flow
Chapter7 Compressible Flow
Chapter7 Compressible Flow
ng nn c
Compressible flow : some preliminary aspects
R R
Cp = and Cv =
-1 -1
2.3 nh lut 1 nhit ng lc hc First law of
thermodynamics
gi thit rng h thng khng ph thuc thi gian (stationnary)
q : nhit lng vi phn tc ng vo h thng qua ng bin (ex :
radiation from the surroundings, absorbed by the mass; thermal
conduction due to temperature gradient across boundary)
w : cng thc hin bi mi trng vo h thng (ex : displacement
of the boundary, squeezing the volume of the system to a smaller
value)
Nhit lng v cng tc ng vo h thng dn n s bin i
nng lng First law of thermodynamics :
q + w = de
de : vi phn nng lng, e : bin trng thi c gi tr ph thuc trng
thi u v cui
q, w : ph thuc vo qu trnh bin i ca h thng t trng thi
ban u n trng thi cui w Mi
System trng
(fixed mass)
q
Bin
2.3 nh lut 1 nhit ng lc hc First law of
thermodynamics
C 3 loi qu trnh :
on nhit (adiabatic) (no heat added or taken
away from the system)
thun nghch (reversible) (no dissipative
phenomena ex : absence of viscosity effect,
thermal conductivity, mass diffusion) :
w = -pdv q - pdv = de (first law)
ng entropy : on nhit v thun nghch
2.3 Entropy v nh lut 2 nhit ng lc hc
Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics
Entropy l mt bin trng thi, c nh ngha m bo
hng din ra ng ca 1 qu trnh
q rev q
ds = hay ds = + ds irrev
T T
q : nhit lng tc ng vo h thng trong mt qu trnh khng thun
nghch
dsirres : bin thin ca entropy tng ng qu trnh khng thun nghch (due
to irreversible dissipative phenomena of viscosity, thermal conductivity and
mass diffusion).
Cc hin tng tiu hao ny lun lun gia tng entropy dsirres 0
ds q /T
on nhit q = 0 : ds 0
2e law of thermodynamics : 1 qu trnh din ra theo hng tng entropy hay
t nht l entropy khng i
2.3 Entropy v nh lut 2 nhit ng lc hc
Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics
Xc nh entropy : xt 1 h thng thun nghch. p dng
nh lut 1 v nh ngha entropy
Tds =de+pdv l 1 theo
bin s
Tds=dh-vdp entropy
Kh l tng :
dh=cpdT
de=cvdT
dT pdv
ds = c v +
T T
dT vdp
ds = c p -
T T
2.3 Entropy v nh lut 2 nhit ng lc hc
Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics
p2 2 T2 _ 1
= ( ) =( ) (7.32)
p1 1 T1
2.4 Quan h ng entropy Isentropic relations
1 dv Nn ng nhit
T ( )T (nhit duy tr T, s : tnh cht nhit
v dp hng s) ng lc hc chnh xc
ca lu cht
1 dv
s ( )s Nn ng entropy
(b qua ma st,
v dp ko cung cp nhit
lng)
3. nh ngha tnh nn c Definition of
compressibility
1 dp
Vn tc m thanh l i lng vt l c
ngha quan trng lin quan n nhiu i
lng khc trong dng chuyn ng nn
c
S lan truyn ca sng m thanh c thc
hin theo c ch vt l no?
Lm th no xc nh vn tc m thanh?
S lan truyn m thanh ph thuc vo tnh cht
no ca lu cht?
3. Vn tc m thanh v s Mach
t dV VdS 0
.( V ) 0
V S