INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

11/8/2017 ITFT COLLEGE CHANDIGARH

 RESEARCH INVOLVES

11/8/2017 ITFT COLLEGE CHANDIGARH

 WHAT IS RESEARCH ?
Research is a scientific and systematic
search for relevant information on a specific
topic.

Redman and Mory - Systematized effort

to gain knowledge

Clifford Woody Research comprises of

defining and redefining problems,
formulating hypothesis or suggested
solution; collecting,organising and
evaluating data, making deductions,
reaching conclusions; and at last carefully
testing the conclusions to determine
whether they fit into the hypothesis or not.

IT IS ACTUALLY A VOYAGE OF
DISCOVERY.
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 OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH

The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which
has not been discovered as yet.

1) The search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of

finding solution to a problem.
2) The pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation, comparison and
experiment.
3) The discovery of answers to questions through the application of scientific
procedures.
4) Finding out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as
yet.
5) Gaining familiarity with a phenomenon.
6) Identifying associations between various phenomena.
7) Testing hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables.

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 MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH

1) Desire to get a research degree along with its

consequential benefits;

2) Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved

problems;

3) Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative

work;

4) Desire to be of service to society;

5) Desire to get respectability.

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 TYPES OF RESEARCH
1) Descriptive Research

2) Analytical Research

3) Fundamental Research

4) Applied Research

5) Conceptual Research

6) Empirical Research

7) Quantitative Research

8) Qualitative Research
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DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
This type of research is essentially a fact finding inquiry. It is also called ex post
facto research, i.e. report what has happened. The main characteristics of this
research is that the researcher has no control over variables; can only see
what has happened or what is happening.

In descriptive studies the researcher seeks to measure items such as frequency

of shopping, preferences of people etc.

ANALYTICAL RESEARCH
The researcher has to use facts or information which is already available and
analyze these to make a critical evaluation of material.

FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH
It is a type of research which helps in developing theories by discovering broad
generalizations and principles. It is concerned with the formulation of a theory. It
is also referred to as pure or basic research, which involves gathering
knowledge for the sake of knowledge
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APPLIED RESEARCH
This type of research utilizes principles set by fundamental research to know
about a problem facing the society or an industrial /business organization and
find a solution for some pressing practical problems. It is also called action
research or field research.
For example, research concerning human behavior carried on with a view to
make generalizations about human behavior.
CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH
It is related to some abstract ideas or theory. It is mainly used by philosophers
and thinkers to develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing ones.

EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
This type of research is also called experimental research. It is necessary to get
facts first-hand, at their source, and to go about doing certain things to stimulate
the production of desired information. The researcher must first provide himself
with a working hypothesis as to the probable results. He then works to get
enough facts (data) to prove or disprove his hypothesis. He then sets up
experimental designs which he thinks will manipulate the persons or the
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materials concerned so as to bring forth the desired information.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
It is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity or are
measurable. It makes use of statistical techniques to analyze data and get
results.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
It is concerned with qualitative aspects of a phenomenon which relate to quality
or kind. It has importance in the behavioral sciences. Its aim is to discover the
underlying motives of human behavior. It analyzes the various factors which
motivate people to behave in a particular manner or which make people like or
dislike a particular thing.

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 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESEARCH
METHODS AND RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

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SR.NO METHOD METHODOLOGY

1 Research methods are the Research methodology

methods by which you explains the methods by
conduct research into a which you may proceed with
subject or a topic. your research.
2 Research methods involve Research methodology
conduct of experiments, involves the learning of the
tests, surveys and the like. various techniques that can
be used in the conduct of
research and in the conduct
of tests, experiments,
surveys and critical studies
3 In short it can be said that Research methodology aims
research methods aim at at the employment of the
finding solutions to correct procedures to find out
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 STEPS IN RESEARCH PROCESS

1.Formulating and defining

research problems.
2. Review of literature
3. Formulation of hypothesis
4. Preparation of research
design
5. Determining sample design
6. Collecting data
7. Data processing, tabulation,
analysis and interpretation
8. Testing hypothesis
9. Drawing generalizations
10. Presentation of results in
the form of a report

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