Fluorides

Studentica: Dora Marani

Kolegij: Engleski jezik
Voditelj kolegija: Doc. dr. sc. Arijana
Krikovi, prof.
Dental decay the destruction of the outher surface
(enamel) of a tooth
(caries)

taking of food, drugs, liquids, or other

Ingestion substances into the body by mouth

Dental a filmy deposit on the surface of a tooth

consisting of a mixture of mucus,
plaque bacteria, food, etc.
 the restoring of minerals to
Remineralization demineralized areas for exp.
remineralization of teeth

capability of being dissolved in a

Solubility
liquid

Relating to, applied to, or affecting

Topical
a localized area of the body
 a liquid that is used to
Mouth clean one's mouth and
rinse teeth and to make one's
breath smell better

of or relating to an entire
system, in medicine : of,
Systemic relating to, or affecting
the entire body
 a product taken orally that
Dietary contains one or more ingredients
(as vitamins or amino acids) that
supplement are intended to supplement one's
diet and are not considered food

an abnormal condition (as

Fluorosis mottling of the teeth) caused
by excessive intake of fluorides
 Fluorine is found only in
Fluoride ion (F-) comes from
combination with other
the chemical element called
chemical elements
fluorine (F)
fluoride compounds
 Causes growing sugar
Dental caries is a major
consumption, inadequate
public health issue and it
exposure to fluorides and
affects 60 to 90% of school
changing living conditions
children
(refined food).

fluoride repairs
and
remineralizes
areas which
suffered from
acid damage
 Fluoride metabolism

Fluoride is absorbed in the blood

trough the gastrointestinal tract
Fluoride is distributed in plasma and
deposited in bone and other
calcified tissues (teeth)
 People in
non-fluoridated water People in fluoridated water area
area

Fluoride concentration in < 0.3 mg/l 0.7 1.2 mg/l

water

Fluoride concentration in 0.004 0.02 mg/l 0.02 0.04 mg/l

plasma

Residual fluoride in
plasma is Fluoride is also
predominantly excreted with saliva,
excreted by the sweat and breast milk
kidneys
Effect of fluoride on dental plaque bacteria

Dental plaque is a thin film that develops on

the surface of the tooth
It is formed by colonizing bacteria (mostly by
Streptococcus mutans)
 Demineralization Remineralization is a
includes the transfer reverse process in
of calcium and which fluoride ions
phosphate ions from enter enamel and
enamel to plaque form fluorapatite
 Effect of fluoride on
hydroxyapatite of
enamel

Enamel solubility in acid This is due to fluoride (F-

environment is inversely ) substitution for
proportional to the hydroxyl groups (OH-)
fluoride concentration of in hydroxyapatite
the teeth fluorapatite
Topical fluoride
therapy
Includes applying fluoride
directly to the surface of
teeth
It has shown better results
than systemic therapy
Mouth rinse is a liquid
which contains a small
It is designed to be
amount of fluoride in
rinsed and spat out
form of sodium
fluoride

not sufficient for

people with high risk of
caries
Gel or foam are usually applied by
dental hygienists or dentists

They contain higher

concentrations of fluorides
For patients with a high risk for
caries and patients with decresed
salivatory flow
 Varnish is intended
for the same group
of patients

It is easier to apply, it
has unoffensive taste
and uses less fluoride
Systemic fluoride therapy
Fluorides are swallowed as an
additive in salt, milk and water or in
tablets
Water fluoridation

controlled addition of
fluoride to public water
supply

Recommended level of
fluoride 0.7-1.2 mg/l

Started in 1940s in the USA

Fluoride tablets are dietary supplements, Only for children living in non fluoridated
available only by prescription areas and at high risk of dental decay
 Health benefits of fluoride
Prevention of dental It is also used in treatment
disease like dental decay of osteoporosis
and loss of teeth
 Consumption of large
amounts of fluoride can
lead to acute and chronic
fluoride poisoning and even
death
Health risks of fluoride

The lethal dose for adults is

between 5 to 10 g of
fluoride
 Acute fluoride
poisoning

Symptoms: severe
Occurs during In severe cases
nausea, diarrhea,
ingestion of a large followed by cardiac
vomiting, abdominal
amounts of fluorides arrhytmias, coma or
pain and
(1 to 5 mg/kg) convulsions
hypersalivation
 Occures during
long-term
ingestion of high
Chronic fluoride dosage
It causes renal
fluoride failure, dental
poisoning fluorosis, skeletal
fluorosis, cancer,
birth defects and
hypersensitivity
 Dental fluorosis results It is characterized by blurred
when excessive amounts of and opaque white patches in
fluoride are ingested during the enamel, which can
tooth formation become dark brown
 is a chronic disease
which affects
bones and joints

Skeletal
fluorosis
It occurs in older
people exposed to
high concentration
of fluoride in
drinking water
trough their life
 Flouride has numerous heath
benefts, however in excessive
Safe doses it can be toxic
To reduce and prevent diseases
fluoride caused by excessive intake of
use fluorides, it is important to
mind the proper daily dosage
for every age group
Where in the body
Fluoride is distributed in plasma and deposited in bone
is fluoride mainly and other calcified tissues (teeth)
deposited?

Name two major Two major types of fluoride therapy are topical and
types of fluoride systemic fluoride therapy. Examples of topical therapy
are fluoride toothpase, mouth rinse and gel. Examples of
therapy and some systemic therapy are water fluoridation and fluoride
examples of each tablets.

Name some Symptoms of acute fluoride poisoning are severe

symptoms of acute nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and
hypersalivation.
fluoride poisoning?