Add, Subtract, and Multiply

Matrices
 Matrix
A matrix M A is an array of cell entries
(m row,column) that have rectangular
arow,column
dimensions (Rows x Columns).
Example: 4
5 r 17 2 20
A 3
M 5 0
6 15 x

r t g 2
21 10

Dimensions: 3x4 ma2,4 : 15x

 Scalar Multiplication
Every entry in the matrix is multiplied by
the number outside the matrix (scalar).

Example:

3 2 5 12 8 20
4 32 12 4
8 3 1
 Matrix Addition/Subtraction
IF the matrices have the same dimensions, add
or subtract corresponding cell entries.

Examples:

a b c g h i a g bb+h
h ci
d e
f j k l d j e k f l

5 3 5 3 8
12 0 12 0 12

4 10 4 10 14
 Matrix Addition/Subtraction
Perform the indicated operation:

z 3 0.4 w 0

8 7 4 18 2

The matrices
MUST have the
same
dimensions!
 Matrix Multiplication
1Multiply
the elements of each row of the first matrix by
the elements of each column in the second matrix. 2Add
the products. 3The answer goes into arow of 1st, column of 2nd.
3x2
2x3 a1,1 a1,2
4 5
1 2 1 3 2 4 11 3 2 2 5 1 3 3 1
A

2 4 2 1 1 3 a 2,1 a 2,2
2 1 4 4 2 1 1 2 4 5 2 3 11
1 2
15 16
2x2
20 27
 Matrix Multiplication
Can we multiply these
2x3 2x2 5x1
3x4 8
2 1 3 8 7 8 .1 2 5 2
4 2 1 5 2 No

0
1 52 2 0
No

8 17 5 5 9
4
?
3x2
# of columns in
1x3 4 5
1st MUST be the 1 3
same as # of 7 2 .75
Yes
rows in 2nd! 2 1
 Matrix Multiplication with a Context
Cars Trucks Wheels Seats Gas Tanks
Bulls Eye
20 25 4 2 1 Cars

Order

15 30 6 1 3

JC Nickels Department
Trucks
Store Order

20 4 25 6 20 2 25 1 20 1 25 3
15 4 30 6 15 2 30 1 15 1 30 3

Wheels Seats Gas Tanks

230 65 95
Bulls Eye
Total Order

240 60 105

JC Nickels Department
Store Total Order
 Matrices and the Calculator
Follow the link below for instructions:

http://www.cpm.org/pdfs/stuRes/A2C/chapte
r_07/7.3.3A.pdf
 Order in Matrix Multiplication Matters
132.50 132.50
134.25 134.25 0.86 0.74 0.93
0.86 0.74 0.93
OR

107.40 107.40

132.50 0.86 132.50 0.74 132.50 0.93

0.86 132.50 0.74 134.25 0.93 107.40 134.25 0.86

134.25 0.74 134.25 0.93
107.40 0.86 107.40 0.74 107.40 0.93

313.177 113.95 98.05 123.225

115.455 99.345 124.8525

92.364 79.476 99.882
 Matrix Multiplication
6 4 7 5 4 3 74 78 72 The dimensions of a product of
4 8 5 4 3 3 72 70 66 matrices are the # of rows of the
(a)

33x3 3x3 3 3x33 3 first matrix by the # of columns of

5 6 6 4 6 6 73 74 69 the second matrix.

6 4 7
4 8 5 15 18 18
11 3 1 3
(b)
1x3 3x3
1 1 1x3
5 6 6
2 3 1 2 11 16
(c)

2x2
2 2x2
2 2x2
2 2
4 5 3 4 19 28
5 34 13 0.30 5.10
4 3 0.45 4.35
(d)

In order to multiply matrices,

the # of columns in 1st matrix 3x3
3 3 3x1 1 33x1 1
MUST be the same as # of 4 6 6 0.60 7.50
rows in 2nd Matrix.