Principles of first aid

Preserve life:
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Prevent deterioration:
Stop bleeding
Treat shock
Treat other injuries
Promote recovery:
Reassure
Relieve pain
Handle with care
Protect from harm
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 Action in an emergency

Assess dangers
Make safe
Give emergency aid
Get help
Clear up
Look after yourself

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 The first person at the
scene (view) of an incident
should:
Danger
Response
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Make the area safe
Reassure the casualty and bystanders
Use bystanders to help
Prioritise and respond to the
immediate needs of the casualty
Send for help
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 As soon as possible:

Inform next of kin(family), if possible

Complete reports to include:
Details of the incident
Location of the incident
Date and time of the incident
Who was involved
What was done
Who was notified

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 Infection control
If possible, wear disposable gloves,
improvise with polythene bags or
consider whether the casualty can
help, eg apply pressure to bleeding.
Remember:
Wash your hands carefully afterwards.
Clean surfaces with bleach diluted 1:10
with water.
If possible, keep any minor wounds
covered with a plaster.
Buy and use a resuscitation face shield.
Dispose of soiled items appropriately.
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 Recovery position

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 Levels of consciousness

A Alert will talk but may be drowsy.

V Responds to Voice responds to
simple commands, eg open your
eyes, or may respond to simple
questions.
P Responds to Pain will react
(eg make a noise) to a pinch on the
back of the hand.
U Unresponsive there is no
response at all.
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 Causes of
unconsciousness:

Fainting Asphyxia/hypoxia/
Imbalance of heat near drowning
Shock Asthma
Heart attack/ Anaphylaxis
angina pectoris Poisoning
Stroke Seizures
Head injuries Diabetic emergencies

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 Emergency life support
for adults and children
Primary survey
Check for danger.
1 Check for response.
Speak loudly and
clearly to the casualty.
Ask questions like are
you all right?.
If there is no response,
shout for help. Do not
leave the casualty.

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 Emergency life support
for adults and children
2 Open the airway.

3 Check for normal

breathing. Look, listen
and feel.
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 Emergency life support
for adults and children
4 If breathing normally, place in the
recovery position.

CALL THE EMERGENCY SERVICES

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 Emergency life support
for adults and children
Basic life support For children
Carry out a primary survey: It can be more
Danger beneficial to give
Response five initial breaths
followed by
Airway cycles of 30:2
Breathing compressions
Circulation and breaths.
One-handed
CALL THE compressions
EMERGENCY may be more
SERVICES suitable.
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 Emergency life support
for adults and children
1 If not breathing normally, start CPR with
30 chest compressions.
2 Open the airway.

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 Emergency life support
for adults and children
3 Give two rescue breaths. Continue with
30 compressions
and two rescue
breaths until:
Qualified help
arrives to take
over.
The casualty
starts to breathe
normally.
You become
too exhausted
to continue.
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 Chain of survival

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 Shock: causes

Fluid loss bleeding, burns, severe

diarrhoea or vomiting

Cardiac problems heart attack,

electrocution

Anaphylaxis severe allergic

reaction to stings, types of food,
environmental features, poisons

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 Shock: signs and
symptoms
Pale, cold, clammy skin
Weak, dizzy, light-headed
Nausea or vomiting
Thirsty
Yawning
Anxiety or irrational behaviour
Rapid, weak pulse
Rapid, shallow breathing
Dropping level of consciousness

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 Shock: treatment
Treat the cause and prevent the
condition getting worse by:
Correct positioning of the casualty
Reassurance
Keeping the casualty fairly warm
Monitoring breathing if necessary
Do not give anything to
eat or drink

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 Bleeding

Direct pressure
Elevate
Dress

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 Slings
Elevation sling

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 Slings
Arm sling

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 Choking

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 Heart attack position

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 Fractures

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 Nose bleeds

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 Duty of care for other
peoples children
Whilst first aiders would not normally give
medication, youth leaders working with
other peoples children have a duty of care
equivalent to that of a responsible parent
They are often required to look after or
carry medicines for young children and
sometimes need to administer them
Leaders should always seek parental
permission before doing so
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 First aid kits

A guide to the contents of a kit:

1 pair of disposable non-latex protective
gloves
20 individually wrapped sterile adhesive
dressings
2 sterile eye pads
4 individually wrapped triangular bandages,
preferably sterile
6 safety pins(a piece of metal)
6 medium-sized (approximately 12cm x 12cm)
individually wrapped sterile unmedicated wound
dressings
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 First aid kits

Guidance leaflet (a leaflet supplied with the kit

or that you make yourself which includes brief
instructions on emergency treatment)
You may like to include:
Resuscitation shield
Scissors
Extra gloves
Adhesive tape
Striped
Individually wrapped moist cleaning wipes
for the first aiders hands
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The End if any questions???
Thank you
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