DEPARTMENT OF

MATHEMATICS
[YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1997]
 MATHEMATICS - II

FOR B.TECH. SECOND SEMESTER COURSE

[COMMON TO ALL ENGINEERING BRANCHES]

TEXT BOOKS:
MATRIX ALGEBRA LINEAR ALGEBRA AND
VECTOR SPACE AND EIGEN VALUES ITS APPLICATIONS BY
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF GILBERT STRANG [4th
FIRST ORDER EDITION] AND ADVANCED
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF ENGINEERING
SECOND ORDER MATHEMATICS BY ERWIN
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS KREYSZIG [8th EDITION]

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE

 MATHEMATICS - II

LAYOUT OF CHAPTER-1
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
OF FIRST ORDER
Basic concept of First Order Ordinary
Differential Equations; Separable Differential
Equations; Exact Differential Equations;
Linear and Bernoullis Differential Equations;
Application of First Order Ordinary Differential
Equations to Modeling Problems;
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
 MATHEMATICS - II

LAYOUT OF CHAPTER-1
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
OF FIRST ORDER
Application of First Order Ordinary
Differential Equations to Modeling Problems
of Electric Circuits; Application of First Order
Ordinary Differential Equations to Modeling
Problems of Orthogonal Trajectories; System
of Differential Equations:
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
 MATHEMATICS - II

LECTURE :24 System of Differential

Equations of First Order Differential
Equations : [Chapter-3.3]

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE

LECTURE :24
LONG QUESTIONS:
PROBLEMS:
Find a real general solution of the following systems
of equations.
dy1 dy2
(1) 2 y1 2 y2 ; 5 y1 y2
dt dt
dy1 dy2
(2) 8 y1 2 y2 ; 2 y1 4 y2
dt dt
dy1 dy2 dy3
(3) 3 y1 y2 2 y 3 ; 4 y2 2 y3 ; y2 5 y3
dt dt dt

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE

LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
(1) The given system of equations are
dy1 dy2
2 y1 2 y2 and 5 y1 y2
dt dt
of the form y Ay
y1 y1 2 2
Where y , y , A
y2 y2 5 1
Let y xet y xet
t t
But y Ay xe Axe x Ax

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE

LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
The characteristic equation is
2 2
det A I 0 0
5 1
2 1 10 0 2 12 0
4 3 12 0 3, 4
2

The eigen valu es are 1 3 and 2 4

If 1 3 then the correspond ing eigen vect or
2 3 2 y1 0 5 y1 2 y2 0

5 1 3 y2 0 5 y1 2 y2 0
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
Therefore
y1 2
5 y1 2 y2 0 5 y1 2 y2
y2 5
1 2
So y
5
If 2 4 then the correspond ing eigen vect or
2 4 2 y1 0 2 y1 2 y2 0

5 1 4 y2 0 5 y1 5 y2 20
y 1
Therefore 2 y 2 y 0 y y y1 1
1 2 1 2

2 1
So y
1 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
The general solution is
1 1t 2 3t
2 2t 1 4t
y c1 y e c2 y e c1 e c2 e
5 1
y1 2c1e c2e
3t 5t
3t 5t
y2 5c1e c2e
3t
y1 2c1e c2e 5t

3t
y2 5c1e c2e 5t

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE

LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
(2) The given system of equations are
dy1 dy2
8 y1 2 y2 ; 2 y1 4 y2
dx dx
of the form y Ay
y1 y1 8 2
Where y , y , A
y2 y2 2 4
Let y xet y xet
t t
But y Ay xe Axe x Ax

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE

LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
The characteristic equation is
8 2
det A I 0 0
2 4

8 4 4 0 2 12 36 0
6 6 36 0 6, 6
2

The eigen valu es are 1 2 6(repeted )

If 1 2 6 then the correspond ing eigen vect or
8 6 2 y1 0 14 y1 2 y2 0

2 4 6 y2 0 2 y1 10 y2 0
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
Therefore 14 y1 2 y2 0 7 y1 y2 0 7 y1 y2
2 y1 10 y2 0 y1 5 y2

1
1 2 5
So y , y
7 1
The general solution is
1 1t 2 2t 1 5 6t
y c1 y e c2 y e c1 c2t e
7 1

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE

LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:

y
1 c1e c2te
6t 6t
6t 6t
y2 7c1e c2te
The general solution is
6t 6t
y1 c1e c2te
6t 6t
y2 7c1e c2te

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE

LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
(3) The given system of equations are
dy1 dy2 dy3
3 y1 y2 2 y 3 ; 4 y2 2 y3 ; y 2 5 y3
dx dx dx
of the form y Ay
y1 y1 3 1 2
Where y y2 , y y2 , A 0 4 2
y3 y3 0 1 5
t t
Let y xe y xe

t t
But y Ay xe Axe x Ax
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
The characteristic equation is
3 1 2
det A I 0 0 4 2 0
0 1 5
3 4 5 2 0

3 4 5 2 0 3 2 9 18 0

3 6 3 18 0 3 3 6 0
2

3,3,6
The eigen valu es are 1 2 3(repeted ), 3 6
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
If 1 2 3 then the correspond ing eigen vect or
Therefore 0 1 2 y1 0 y2 2 y3 0

0 1 2 y2 0 y2 2 y3 0
0 1 2 y 0 y 2 y 0
3 2 3
y2 2
Therefore y2 2 y3 0 y2 2 y3
y3 1
0 1
1 2
let y1 0, then y 2 and y1 1, then y 2
1 1
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
If 3 6 then the correspond ing eigen vect or

3 1 2 y1 0 3 y1 y2 2 y3 0
Therefore 0 2 2 y 0 2 y 2 y 0
2 2 3
0 1 1 y 0 0
3 y 2 y3
y2 1
Now y2 y3 0 y2 y3 and y1 1
y3 1
1
3
So y 1
1
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
The general solution is
0 1 1
y c1 y 1e1t c2 y 2 te1t c3 y 3e3t c1 2 e 3t c2t 2e 3t c3 1e 6t
1 1 1
y1 c2te3t c3e 6t
3t 3t 6t
y2 2c1e 2c2te c3e
y3 c1e 3t c2te3t c3e 6t

y1 c2te3t c3te6t
y2 2c1e 3t 2c2te3t c3e 6t
y3 c1e 3t c2te3t c3e 6t
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
PROBLEM-2
Solve the following initial value problems involving
systems.
5 y1 y2 ; y1 0 0; y2 0 7
dy1 dy2
(i ) 2 y1 2 y2 ;
dt dt
y1 y2 ; y1 0 10; y2 0 5
dy1 dy2 1 3
(ii ) 2 y1 5 y2 ;
dt dt 2 2

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE

LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
(i) The given system of equations are
5 y1 y2 ; y1 0 0; y2 0 7
dy1 dy2
2 y1 2 y2 ;
dx dx
of the form y Ay
y1 y1 2 2
Where y , y , A
y2 y2 5 1
Let y xet y xet
t t
But y Ay xe Axe x Ax

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
The characteristic equation is
2 2
det A I 0 0
5 1
2 1 10 0 2 12 0
4 3 12 0 3, 4
2

The eigen valu es are 1 3 and 2 4

If 1 3 then the correspond ing eigen vect or
2 3 2 y1 0 5 y1 2 y2 0

5 1 3 y2 0 5 y1 2 y2 0
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
Therefore
y1 2
5 y1 2 y2 0 5 y1 2 y2
y2 5
1 2
So y
5
If 2 4 then the correspond ing eigen vect or
2 4 2 y1 0 2 y1 2 y2 0

5 1 4 y2 0 5 y1 5 y2 20
y 1
Therefore 2 y 2 y 0 y y y1 1
1 2 1 2

2 1
So y
1 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
The general solution is
1 1t 2 3t
2 2t 1 5t
y c1 y e c2 y e c1 e c2 e
5 1
y1 2c1e c2e
3t 5t
3t 5t
y2 5c1e c2e
3t
y1 2c1e c2e 5t

3t
y2 5c1e c2e 5t

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE

LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
Given that y1 0 0 y1 0 when t 0;
y2 0 7 y2 7 when t 0
3t
y1 2c1e c2e 0 2c1 c2 ......(1)
5t

3t
y2 5c1e c2e 7 5c1 c2 ......(2)
5t

From eq.(1) and eq.(2), we have c1 1 and c2 2

The particular solution:
3t
y1 2e 2e 5t

3t
y2 5e 2e 5t
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
(ii) The given system of equations are
y1 y2 ; y1 0 10; y2 0 5
dy1 dy2 1 3
2 y1 5 y2 ;
dx dx 2 2
of the form y Ay
y1 y1 2 5
Where y , y , A
y2 y2 1 2 3 2
Let y xet y xet
t t
But y Ay xe Axe x Ax

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
The characteristic equation is
2 5
det A I 0 0
1 2 3 2
2 3 2 5 2 0 0
1 1 2

1 2 2
22 2 1 0 , 1
2
The eigen valu es are 1 1 2 and 2 1
If 1 1 2 then the correspond ing eigen vect or
5
5 2 5 y1 0 y 1 5 y 2 0
2
1 2 1 y2 0 y y 0
1
2
1 2
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
Therefore 1 1 y1 2
y1 y2 0 y1 y2
2 2 y2 1
So 1 2 det A I 0 2 5
0
y
1 1 2 3 2
If 2 1 then the correspond ing eigen vect or
1 5 y1 0 y1 5 y2 0

1 2 5 2 y2 0 1 2 y1 5 2 y2 2 0
y 1
y1 5 y 2 0 y1 5 y 2
Therefore y 1 5
2 5
So y
1 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
The general solution is
1 1t 2
2 2t
1
t 5 t
y c1 y e c2 y e c1 e 2
c2 e
1 1
1
t
y1 2c1e 2 5c2 e
t

1
2 c e 2 c e
y t
t

1 2
1
t
y1 2c1e 2
5c2 e t

1
t
y2 c1e 2
c2 e t
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
SOLUTIONS:
Given that y1 0 10 y1 10 when t 0;
y2 0 5 y2 5 when t 0
10 2c1 5c2 2c1 5c2 10.....(1)
5 c1 c2 c1 c2 5.....(2)
35 20
From eq.(1) and eq.(2), we have c1 and c2
The particular solution: 3 3
70 12 t 100 t
y1 e e
3 3
35 2 t 20 t

1
y2 e e
3 3 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE
LECTURE :24
LONG QUESTIONS:
PROBLEMS:

Find a real general solution and IVP of the following

system of equations.
dy1 dy2 dy3
(1) y1 4 y2 2 y 3 ; 2 y1 5 y2 y3 ; 2 y1 2 y2 2 y3
dx dx dx

5 y1 y2 ; y1 0 1; y2 0 1
dy1 dy2
(ii ) 14 y1 10 y2 ;
dx dx

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CVRCE

THANK YOU