RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY
LECTURE # 1
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Describes the mode of the research.
Research Locale
Describes and discusses the setting or place where
the study is to be conducted.
Participants
Describes the target population
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF METHODOLOGY
Instrument of the study
Specific type of research tool to be used in gathering
data.
Validation of and establishing reliability
Consistency and accuracy of research instrument.
Statistical treatment
Used in establishing the objectivity of research findings
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF METHODOLOGY
Notes in chapter III
Published or unpublished materials as reference in
the chapter.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
DESIGN
 RESEARCH DESIGN (Niewsiadomy,2004)
QUANTITATIVE
Aims to characterize
trends and patterns.
Usually starts with neither
theory nor hypothesis
about the relationship
between two or more
variables.
QUALITATIVE
Involves processes,
feelings and motives.
Usually concerned with
generating a hypothesis
from data rather than
testing a hypothesis
 RESEARCH DESIGN (Niewsiadomy,2004)
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
Uses structured research Uses either unstructured
instrument like or semi-structured
questionnaires or instruments.
schedules.
Uses small sample size
Uses large sample size
that are representative of chosen purposely.
the population.
 RESEARCH DESIGN (Niewsiadomy,2004)
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
Research of this kind can Validity should be high.
be replicated. Used to gain a greater

Used for greater

understanding of group
similarities.
understanding of
individual differences in
terms of feelings,
motives, and
experiences.
 RESEARCH DESIGN (Niewsiadomy,2004)
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
Uses structured processes. Uses more flexible
Methods include census, processes.
survey, experiments, and Methods include field

secondary analysis research, case study, and

secondary analysis.