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2 e Lech Tro Chemistry
2 e Lech Tro Chemistry
Electrochemical
Reactions
Chemical reactions are those in which elements are
added or removed from a chemical species.
EXAMPLES:
Dezincification: A special chemical corrosion process by which both
zinc and copper atoms are removed from brass, but the copper is
replated back onto the metal.
2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license.
2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license.
Oxidation is...
Loss of electrons
Reduction is...
Gain of electrons
Oxidizing agents oxidize and are reduced
Reducing agents reduce and are oxidized
Redox Review (Cu-zn)
Zn displaces Cu from CuSO4(aq)
In direct contact the enthalpy of reaction is dispersed as
heat, and no useful work is done
Redox process:
Zn is the reducing agent
Cu2+ is the oxidizing agent
2
Zn(s) Zn (aq) 2e
Cu 2 (aq) 2e Cu( s)
Separating the combatants
Anode: Cathode:
Zn Zn2+ + 2e Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Odes to a galvanic cell
Cathode Anode
Where reduction occurs Where oxidation occurs
Where electrons are Where electrons are
consumed generated
Where positive ions migrate Where negative ions migrate
to to
Has positive sign Has negative sign
The role of inert electrodes
Oxidati Reduct
on ion
Connections: cell potential and free
energy
1J 1C 1V
Relating free energy and cell
potential
The Faraday :
F = 96 485 C/mole
G nFE
G nFE
Standard Reduction Potentials
The total cell potential is the sum of the potentials for the
two half reactions at each electrode
Ecell = Ecath + Ean
2 2
Zn Zn (aq) C u (aq) Cu
2 2
Zn( s ) Cu (aq) Zn (aq) Cu ( s )
Zn(s) Zn 2 (aq) 2e, E o 0.76V
2
Cu (aq) 2e Cu(s), E 0.34V o
Standard reduction potentials
G nFE
But to convert to E we need to divide by no of electrons involved
E G
nF
E is an intensive property
The Nernst equation
Working in nonstandard conditions
G G RT ln Q
nFE nFE RT ln Q
E E RT ln Q
nF
E E 0.0592 log Q
n
Summary 27
28
Polarization
2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license.