PARASITOLOGY of

MALARIA

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 PLASMODIUM
Subphylum :Sporozoa
Class: Telosporea
Subclass: Coccidia
Order: Eimeriidea
Family: Eimeriidae
Genus: Isospora

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 THE COCCIDIA
ASEXUAL CYCLE:
Trophozoite
Schizonts (schizogony)
SEXUAL CYCLE:
Gametocytes (male microgamtocyte and
female macrogametocyte)
Zygote (fertilised macrogamete)
OOcyst

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 HUMAN ANOPHELES MOSQUITO
LIVER Salivary gland
Sporozoite Sporozoite

Hipnozoite
Schizont
Schizont
Merozoite

In erithrocyte Mosqiutos Stomach

oocyst
Tropozoite

Schizont Merozoite ookinete

Gametocyte zygote 4
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Figure 4. Species stages of malaria parasites
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Species identification in thick film

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Species identification in thick film 8
 RING FORMS
SINGLE 0R MULTPILE INFECTION
SHAPE OF ERYTHROCYTE
ENLARGED INFECTED ERYTHROCYTE
STIPLINGS/DOTS/CLEFT
SINGLE /TWO NUCLEI
VARIOUS SHAPES OF RING FORM

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Ring form young trophozoites

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MAURER DOTS

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 SCHIZONT STAGE
MULTIPLIED NUCLEI
(MORE THAN 2)
STIPLINGS
(COUNTABLE/SIZE)
MALARIA PIGMENTS
(CLUMPED/SPREAD)
SHAPE OF
ERYTHROCYTE
ENLARGEMENT OF
INFECTED
ERYTHROCYTE
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Figure 3. Liver stage
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schizont
Thick film showing P.falciparum infection 17
Figure 1. Schizont stages
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Knobs seen in schizont stage of P.falciparum
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Malaria pigments seen along capillaries 21
Schizonts sticking and clogging the capillaries in brain venules 22
 GAMETOCYTES
MALE MICROGAMETOCYET:
Diffuse nucleus (reddish color)
Spread pigments (yellow-brownish)

FEMALE MACROGAMETOCYTE
Compact nucleus (reddish color)
Pigment evenly spread

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Gametocyte stages

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 P.vivax

Gametocyte stages

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 P.ovale
P.vivax

Figure 2. P.falciparum
P.malariae 29
 Clinical patterns

clinical picture:
- P. falciparum: daily fever, rarely every 2 day fever
- other species: most of the time (but not necessarily) intermittent fevers
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CABOT RING AND PLATELETS

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HOWELL-JOLLY BODIES

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