MPPT Using Booster Converter

for PV System

Supervisor Submitted By
Mrs. Kapil Parikh Mahavir Singh
Asst. Professor Enrollment No.:12E2SHPSM31P604

Department of Electrical Engineering

SHRINATHJI INSTITUTE OF TECHLOLOGY & ENGINEERING
UPALI ODEN, NATHDWARA, DISTT. RAJSAMAND (RAJ.)
Rajasthan Technical University
NOVEMBER 2013
INTRODUCTION
Day-to-day increasing power demand
Demand has increased for renewable sources of energy
Continuous use of fossil fuels has caused the fossil fuel
deposit affected the environment depleting the biosphere
and resulting in global warming.
Solar Energy
Solar energy is abundantly available.
It can be used to power rural areas where the availability
of grids is very low.
Solar energy is the portable operation whenever wherever
necessary.
Solar cells
Use of the newest power control mechanisms called the
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms
MPPT
Technique of extracting maximum output power
Electronic system
Not a mechanical tracking system
Used in grid tie inverters, solar battery chargers and
similar devices.
Purpose sample output of the cells and apply the proper
resistance (load) to obtain maximum power for any given
environmental conditions.
 Most modern MPPT's are around 93-97% efficient in the
conversion.
a 20 to 45% power gain in winter & 10-15% in summer
PV cells have complex relationship between their
operating environment and the maximum power they can
produce.
Maximum power cell can provide with an optimal load
under given conditions,
P=FF*Voc*Isc
 PVcell, for the majority of its useful curve, acts as a Constant Current Source.
At MPP region, curve has an approximately inverse exponential relationship
between current and voltage.
When dI/dV of I-V curve is equal and opposite to I/V

MPP corresponds to knee of the curve.

(where dP/dV=0)
Characteristics resistance of cell, R=V/I
Criteria In The Selection Of
MPPT Algorithms
Ease of Implementation
Required number of sensors
Sensitivity
Cost
Applications
Efficiency (MPPT) ) is the most important parameter of an
MPPT algorithm.
MPPT= ( t0 PMPPT(t) dt) / ( t0 PMAX (t) dt)
Classification of MPPT
Perturb and observe
Incremental conductance
Fractional Open-Circuit Voltage
Fractional Short-Circuit Current
Current Sweep Method
Fuzzy Logic Control
Neural Network
Modeling of Solar Cell
A solar cell is the building block of a solar
panel.
A photovoltaic module is formed by connecting
many solar cells in series and parallel.
Modeled by a current source and an inverted
diode connected in parallel to it.
 Output current
I=Isc Id
Id= Io (eqVd/kT 1)
I = Isc Io (eqVd/kT - 1)
I = Isc Io (eq((V+IRs)/nkT) - 1)
When the voltage and the current
characteristics are multiplied we get the P-V
characteristics
Boost Converter

The maximum power point tracking is basically a load matching problem. In

order to change the input resistance of the panel to match the load resistance
(by varying the duty cycle), a DC to DC converter is required.
 Mode 1 operation of the Boost
Converter

When the switch is closed the inductor gets charged through the battery and stores
the energy. In this mode inductor current rises (exponentially) but for simplicity we
assume that the charging and the discharging of the inductor are linear. The diode
blocks the current flowing and so the load current remains constant which is being
supplied due to the discharging of the capacitor.
Mode 2 operation of the Boost
Converter

In mode 2 the switch is open and so the diode becomes

short circuited. The energy stored in the inductor gets
discharged through opposite polarities which charge the
capacitor. The load current remains constant throughout
the operation.
Waveforms for a Boost Converter
Mathematical Modelling

Equivalent two-diode circuit model of a photovoltaic cell and its circuit

symbol.
 It is a representation of the mathematical model for
the current-voltage characteristic which is given as

The dependency on the temperature is further

amplified by the properties for the photo-current Iph
and the diodes' reverse saturation currents Is which
are given by Burger:
The Solar Panel

In photovoltaic energy systems, single cells are

combined into solar cell arrays by connecting a
number of cells in series.

Panels then can be further arranged in series or

parallel connections to achieve the desired voltage and
current values for the system
I-V characteristics of a photovoltaic cell array for various values of irradiance S at a temperature of 25 oC
I-V characteristics of a photovoltaic cell
array for various values of temperature T
at an irradiance of 1000W/m2
P-V characteristics of a photovoltaic cell
array for various values of irradiance S at
a temperature of 25 oC
P-V characteristics of a photovoltaic cell
array for various values of temperature T
at an irradiance of 1000W/m2
 The operating voltage V will always be approximately
equal to the optimum operating voltage Vmp,

If the operating voltage differs from Vmp by about 10% as

indicated by V1, it will result in a output power reduction
of almost 25 %.
Maximum Power Point MPP and the corresponding voltage
Vmp and current Imp for a photovoltaic cell array with 168
cells in series operating at STC
Implementation of MPPT using a
boost converter
The system uses a boost converter to obtain more practical
uses out of the solar panel. The initially low voltage
output is stepped up to a higher level using the boost
converter, though the use of the converter does tend to
introduce switching losses.
Requisite implementation for MPPT system