Gauri Kulkarni (28)

Namrata Khubchandani (27)

Navneet Kaur (36)
Pooja Saraff (45)
 ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network

 Defined in 1988

 Simultaneous transmission of voice,video,data and

other network services.

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 Advantages of ISDN
Digital
reliable connection
Speed
128 kb/s (160 kb/s) for BRI
1920 kb/s (2048 kb/s) for PRI
Fast call setup
2 seconds

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 Advantages of ISDN
Bandwidth on Demand
adding new channels to the bundle of channels
Multiple devices
phone, fax, PC, videoconferencing system, router,
terminal adapter,.. each with its own subaddress.

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 Advantages cont..
Signaling
- No disturbance to established connections.
- indicates who is calling, what type of call it is
(data/voice), and what number was dialed .

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 Access interfaces
Basic rate interface (BRI)
Primary rate interface (PRI)
Broadband ISDN

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 BRI
Provides
Two 64bit/s B channels.
One 16 bit/s D channel.
B channels : Data, Voice and other services
D channels: Control and Signalling information

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 Scenarios of usage of BRI
One B channel dedicated to voice and other
dedicated to data.
Both B channels dedicated to data for a total transfer
rate of 128 kbits/sec.

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Interfacing
 Signal Encoding
• 2BIQ in North America
Two bits combined to form a symbol.
Can operate up to 5.5km with loss up to 42 dB.
Signal rate :80 kbits/s Line rate: 160 kbits/s
Echo cancellation allows full duplex operation.
• 4B3T in Europe and elsewhere
Group of four bits converted to 3 ‘ternary’ line signal states.
The symbol rate is 3/4ths of the data rate (120 kbits/s).
Can be transmitted up to 4.2 km(0.4 mm cable) or 8.2 km
(1.6mm cable).

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 PRI
Primary Rate Interface
PRI consists of:
23 B channels and 1 D channel of 64 kbps each in T1
line for North America and Japan.
OR
30 B channels, 1 D channel and a synchronizing
channel in E1 line for the rest of the world.
• T1 line: 1.544 Mbps data services available
E1 line: 1.920 Mbps data services available.

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 Dual PRI
(24 + 23) B channels and 1 D channel or more
commonly 46 B channels and 2 D channels are used
for backup signaling.
Done in both T1 line and E1 line.
There can be more than 2 stages of PRI i.e. more than
in dual PRI.

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 PRI Application
Typically used in medium and large enterprises to
provide the digital access to PSTN.
 Number of B channels can be used and reassigned
flexibly for special needs like video conferencing.
PRI user is directly hooked up to the central office.

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 B-ISDN
BRI ISDN lacks the channel capacity required for
video and voice transfer.
Also for business applications, ISDN’s speed of 64
kbps was no match for 10 Mbps of LANs.
Hence, B-ISDN with a higher speed of few Mbps was
introduced.

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 B-ISDN( contd.)
 It uses Asynchronous Transfer Mode technology
which carries both synchronous voice and
asynchronous data services on the same line.
Baseband: The original band of frequencies of signal
before it is modulated for transmission.
e.g. Ethernet LAN
• Broadband: A single medium (a wire) can carry
several channels at a time.
e.g. B-ISDN

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 Applications
Internet Access
- allowsfast, acute internet information access, e-
commerce, low-speed video and efficient credit card
transaction
- enables access to the Internet and helps place and
receive calls simultaneously
Telemedia
- provides radio broadcasting
broadcast-quality audio at 7.5 KHz (1B channel)
CD-quality stereo at 20 KHz (2B channels)

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Enhanced Voice Services
- advanced call management features - multiple
telephone numbers, shared telephone
numbers, conferencing, transferring and caller
name and number ID
Branch Office Communications
- provides cost-effective connections for
transferring information, links multiple business
locations, WAN

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Video Conferencing
- supports high fidelity audio and broadcast-
quality, full color, full motion images
Telemetry Security
- supports central surveillance on numerous
remote locations along with monitoring the status
of alarms and access control devices.
(B channels provide connectivity for video and
D channel accommodates the other alarm inputs)

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 Current Scenario
ISDN service has been displaced by broadband
internet service, such as xDSL and Cable Modem
service.
These services are faster, less expensive, and
easier to set up and maintain than ISDN.
Still, ISDN has its place, as backup to dedicated
lines, and in locations where broadband service is
not yet available
Optimization- replace copper wire with fiber
optic cables

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