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Language+and+Communication Lecture
Language+and+Communication Lecture
Fall 2017
Pursuit and Saccade Eye Movements
Pursuit
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqCgzSSwPLk
Saccade
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ig76-rzPkc8
How we read:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwNNij89qro
Word Perception (Visual)
Perception can be a Dynamic Process
Some recommendations:
Use consistent rules for abbreviations
Capital letters (majuscule) can be used for key words
Mixed case is better for general instructions
Tall Man lettering for highlighting differences
cefUROXime vs cefTAZIDime
Be conservative with kerning (spacing between letters)
Be liberal with line height
Recommendation from Zipfs Law
Zipfs Law
Basically, frequently used words are short and infrequent ones are long
Earcons
http://sonification.de/handbook/index.php/chapters/chapter14/
Spearcons
http://sonification.de/handbook/index.php/chapters/chapter2/
Guidelines for Instructions
Keep the audience in mind
Adopt an appropriate style and tone
Use logical organization
Be as concrete as possible
Use pronouns when appropriate
Try to use verbs instead of nouns
Consider the following vs. Take into consideration
Keep grammatical constructions simple and straightforward
Use ordinary work order (i.e., subject-verb-object)
Avoid passive voice
Mistakes were made
Avoid negatives when possible
Check to see that the power is off vs. Check to see that the power is not on
Bonus: Word Order
Instructions Example
Product Warnings
ANSI (American National Standards Institute) Z.535
1. Signal Word
Example: Caution, warning, danger
2. Statement of the nature of the product
Example: Toxic Material
3. Instruction statement
Example: Use a respirator when using the product
4. Consequence statement
Example: Could cause death if inhaled
Warning Compliance
Warnings must be:
Noticed
Read
Understood
Safety
Explicit explanations
Calibrate language with severity
Obeyed
What is the cost of compliance?
Production
Units of Speech Perception
Phonemes
Basic sounds
Syllables
Phoneme + phoneme
Consonant + vowel
Words
Non-Verbal Communication
Visualizing the mouth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzo45hWXRWU
Top-down vs. bottom up processing
Nonverbal cues
Disambiguity
Shared knowledge of action
What happened?
Assignment Due 11/16
This is an INDIVIDUAL assignment (i.e., no team)
1. Find a product in that you know well that has the ability to cause severe
harm
2. Conduct a task analysis for the basic/typical use case for the product
1. Example: Using the microwave to cook something for 2 minutes
3. Using the textbook and two warnings chapters (on Trunk) as your guide:
1. Write a short instruction manual that describes how complete the selected task
2. Provide at least one danger/warning/caution in your instructions
3. Include one or more figures of the product (can be crappy, hand drawn images) as
part of your instructions
4. Turn in via Trunk