Example 9: Find the Thevenin

equivalent circuit of the network

at the terminals a-b.
Specified controlling
voltages and currents are
understood to be in volts
and amps respectively if
their units are not
specified
1stApproach
Let the current be in mA. Then the
CCVS = 2Ix .

1 st Approach
Let the current be in mA. Then
the CCVS = 2Ix
I2 = 1/4 mA = 0.25 mA
The current in 2 k by KVL
1st Approach
Apply KCL to the node C:
= 1 + 2 = 0.5 + 0.25 or
2 = 0.75 or
0.75
= mA
2
2nd Approach:
CCVS = 2Ix = 2 1 = 2V. (Ix is
in mA)
2nd Approach:
Applying KVL to loop uvwx, we
obtain 2 = 2I1 + 4 (I1 + 1),
From this equation
2 1
1 = 6 = 3
 nd
2 Approach:
voltage across 1-mA current
source Vs = voltage across the 4k
2 8
= 4 =
3 3
Example 10:Find the Thevenin
equivalent of the circuit at the
terminals A-B.
2K 3K
A

+
VX 1K
4VX / 1000
-

B
 Let all currents be in mA and
apply 1mA at terminals A-B.

Apply KCL at node a :

1 = I1 + 4VX = I1 + 4(1 I1 )
Therefore 1 = 5I1 , or I1 = 1/5 mA

Voltage across the 1-mA source is

3
= 3 1 + 2 + 1 1 = 3 +
5
18
=
5
Hence
18 1 36
= =
5 1 10
= 3.6 k
 Circuits containing both
independent and dependent
sources
For these circuits we must
calculate both
The open-circuit voltage ETH and
The short-circuit current ISC in
order to calculate RTH.
 Circuits containing both
independent and dependent
sources
We note that we CANNOT split a
dependent source and its
controlling variable if we decide
to break the network to find the
Thevenin equivalent.
Example 11: Find the Thevenin
equivalent of the network at the
terminals a-b
We break the network at points A-B
We let all currents be in mA
Open-circuit voltage:
Apply KVL to the left loop:
2I2 = 2(I1 + I2) + I1 I1 = 0
Apply KVL to the right loop:
-12 = 2I2 + 2(I1 + I2) = 4I2
from which I2 = -3 mA
VAB = 2I2 = 2 (-3) = -6V
Short-circuit current:

The current I4 = 0 because the 2-k

is short-circuited.
This also implies that the CCVS = 0.
Circuit reduces to
 12 12
= = 18mA
1 2

:
Calculate RTH

V AB 6V 1

RTH k
I SC - 18 mA 3
Connect the Thevenin equivalent
circuit to the remainder of the
circuit at terminal A-B:
And using voltage divider rule
1 18
= = 6 = V
1 7
1+1+3
Example 12: Find the Thevenin
equivalent of the circuit external to
RL
Break it to the right of the 2-k
resistor.
Currents are in mA.
Calculate VAB:
Apply KVL to loop,
2IX = 2IX + (3+1)(IX - 4)
4IX = 16
IX = 4mA
VAB = 2IX = 2 4 = 8V
Short-circuit current, ISC :
ISC = 4mA, (it is here that we
find the advantage of breaking
the network to the right of the 4-
k resistor)
8
= = = 2 k
4