A reaction has reached equilibrium when the concentrations of all components remain constant over time. Equilibrium occurs when the state of the system, such as temperature, pressure, or concentration, no longer changes over time. Common indicators that a reaction has reached equilibrium include steady concentrations and a steady state of the overall system.
A reaction has reached equilibrium when the concentrations of all components remain constant over time. Equilibrium occurs when the state of the system, such as temperature, pressure, or concentration, no longer changes over time. Common indicators that a reaction has reached equilibrium include steady concentrations and a steady state of the overall system.
A reaction has reached equilibrium when the concentrations of all components remain constant over time. Equilibrium occurs when the state of the system, such as temperature, pressure, or concentration, no longer changes over time. Common indicators that a reaction has reached equilibrium include steady concentrations and a steady state of the overall system.
High conversion per unit Undesired thermal gradients
volume may axis
Low operating (labor) cost Poor temperature control
Continuous operating Shutdown and cleaning may be
expensive
Good heat transfer
Steady State A reaction has reached equilibrium when the concentration of all constituents reaches a steady state. In general, equilibrium is achieved when the state of the system does not change with time. The state of the system could be temperature, pressure, concentration and other measurements.