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General Chemistry: Atoms First: Reactions in Aqueous Solution
General Chemistry: Atoms First: Reactions in Aqueous Solution
General Chemistry: Atoms First: Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Fay
Chapter 7
Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Lecture Notes
Alan D. Earhart
Southeast Community College • Lincoln, NE
Ionic compounds
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 7/9
Electrolytes in Aqueous
Solution
Weak acids
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 7/10
Electrolytes in Aqueous
Solution
H2O
Na2SO4(s) 2Na1+(aq) + SO42-(aq)
H2O
FeBr3(s) Fe3+(aq) + 3Br1-(aq)
2KNO3(aq)
AB + CD CB + AD
Chapter 7/20
Precipitation Reactions and
Solubility Guidelines
Write the molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for
the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of
AgNO3 and Na2CO3 are mixed.
2NaNO3(aq)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 7/22
Precipitation Reactions and
Solubility Guidelines
Write the molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for
the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of
AgNO3 and Na2CO3 are mixed.
HF hydrofluoric acid
or
HA + MOH MA + H2O
Acid Base Salt Water
BaBr2(aq)
NaF(aq)
Manufacture of iron:
2Fe2O3(s) + 3C(s) 4Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
a reduction of Fe
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 7/39
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox)
Reactions
Oxidation: The loss of one or more electrons by a
substance, whether element, compound, or ion.
Na H2 Br2 S Ne
Oxidation number 0
+1 +2 +3 -1 -2
+1 -2 -1 +2 -1
b) Oxygen usually has an oxidation number of -2.
H O H H O O H
+1 -2 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 7/43
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox)
Reactions
3. c) Halogens usually have an oxidation number of -1.
H Cl Cl O Cl
+1 -1 +1 -2 +1
+1 x -2 x = +4
Reducing Agent
• Causes reduction
• Loses one or more electrons
• Undergoes oxidation
• Oxidation number of atom increases
Oxidizing Agent
• Causes oxidation
• Gains one or more electrons
• Undergoes reduction
• Oxidation number of atom decreases
Reducing Agent
oxidation
0 +3
4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) 2Fe2 O3(s)
0 -2
Oxidizing Agent reduction
Reducing Agent
oxidation
0 +4
2Fe2O3 (s) + 3C(s) 4Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
+3 -2
Oxidizing Agent reduction
Chapter 7/50
Balancing Redox Reactions:
The Half-Reaction Method
Balancing Redox Reactions:
The Half-Reaction Method
Balance the following net ionic equation in acidic
solution:
I1-(aq) + Cr2O72-(aq) Cr3+(aq) + IO31-(aq)
Cr2O72-(aq) Cr3+(aq)
I1-(aq) IO31-(aq)
Br1-(aq) BrO31-(aq)
MnO41-(aq) MnO2(s)
Br1-(aq) BrO31-(aq)
MnO41-(aq) MnO2(s)