Strength Behavior of Cement-treated

Dredged Soil with Various Sand Content and

its Suitability as Embankment Material for
Rio Grande de Mindanao River
Geotechnical Laboratory

TARHATA PANTAO KALIM

JDS Batch 13th
International Development and Cooperation (IDEC)/
Civil and Environmental Engineering Department JDS Presentation Seminar
Hiroshima University December 01, 2017
Astoria Plaza Hotel, Pasig City
 Geotechnical Laboratory 2

Introduction
Around the world large volume of dredged soil generated in the
maintenance of water bodies
JAPAN PHILIPPINES
Annually, 10-15million m3- water Flooding of areas within Mindanao river
channel maintenance and marine basin (2011) was due to heavy siltation.
construction. Dredging and Dike construction.
Dredged material disposed
as landfill or dump at river
banks (Mindanao River Basin Plan 2012).
Landfill and ocean disposal
has adverse effect to the
environment and gradually
restricted in some countries.
 Geotechnical Laboratory 3
Introduction
Japan more than 90% of
dredged material reuse
Pneumatic Pipe Mixing Method (1999)
(IADC, 2009)
Reclamation
fill/ Backfill for
Low engineering properties retaining walls

Soil Treatment

Cement Availability
Can be
Lime used for
Fly Ash stabilization
of a wide
Blast range of
furnace soils.
Slag
 Geotechnical Laboratory 4

Problem
High cost of cement remains a challenge for engineers
CONCRETE
Composed of aggregates and cement
Can minimized cement content in considering the aggregates
CEMENT-TREATED DREDGED SOIL
Composed of Soil and cement
Dredged soil has varied sand content depending on the source and location
though from the same river or port.
Volume of cement in stabilization depends on the quality of soil.
Rate of strength of treated soil decreases with the increase of clay content. (Bergado
et. al., 1996)

An increase of sand content may result to a higher rate of

strength and minimize the cement content
 Geotechnical Laboratory 5
Main Results: Strength (qu) behavior

Tokuyama dredged soil Rio Grande de Mindanao dredged soil

At the same cement content the strength of soil increased at increasing the sand content.
 Geotechnical Laboratory 6
Main Results: Strength (qu) behavior

Cement 30% Sand 27%

Cement 20% Sand 50%

Cement 20% Sand 2%

Cement 10% Sand 50%

Cement 30% Sand 2%

Cement 20% Sand 28%

Cement 10% Sand70%

measuring the sand content before the cement-treatment of the dredged soil is beneficial
to economize the volume of cement needed for soil improvement
 Geotechnical Laboratory 7
Suitability as embankment material

Rio Grande de Mindanao River Typical

Embankment Design (Feasibility Study Rio
Grande de Mindanao River, 2012)

DPWH Standard Sand Sand Sand Sand

Index Property (Embankment) content content content content

Did not meet the Department of 2% 27% 50% 70%
Public works and Highways
(DPWH) for the standard Pass through No.200 (%) <15 98 73 50 30
material for embankment
LL (%) <80 106.44 76.92 54.05 36.3

PI (%) <55 62.87 43.6 30.97 16.17

 Geotechnical Laboratory 8
Results: suitability embankment material Circle Slide Analysis 2013 - Hiroshima University -
Fmin(final) = .0296 Fellenius or Modified Fellenius Method Circle Slide Analysis 2013 - Hiroshima University -
X (m) = 20.250 Fmin(final) = 1.3642 Fellenius or Modified Fellenius Method
Y (m) = 6.250 X (m) = 21.500
R (m)= 8.840
Y (m) = 8.000
= .000
R (m)= 11.340

= .000
DHWL

DHWL

Design River Bed

Foundation was assumed stable Design River Bed

without cement Foundation was assumed stable

Parameter value Cement-treated dredged soil
Angle of Friction () 0 Parameter value

Wet Density 2.56 Angle of Friction () 0

Minimum FS 0.296 Wet Density 1.50

Minimum FS 1.36
qu (kPa) .08
qu (kPa) 28
After the cement-treatment the dredged soil
has develop a strength In Japan, qu(Field)=50kPa
the needed qu at the Minimum Fs is 28kPa qu(lab)=300kPa
 Geotechnical Laboratory 9
Results: material cost estimation
From this result, we can say
that cement- treated soil with
various sand content can be an
alternative fill material for the
construction of embankment for
Rio Grade de Mindanao River.

Therefore, a detailed study

should be carried out regarding
the cost, taking into
consideration the flow of
construction, machineries Varies depending on the
involved, and social and distance of project site to
environmental impacts.
the quarry (Yen 845-1200)
 Geotechnical Laboratory 10

Thank you for your attention

A researcher that has a brain that

functions differently from their peers is
at an advantage, as they can see
things that the others cannot.
-Steven Magee-