CHI SQUARE TEST

INTRODUCTION

Chi-square test is the chi-square test for two-way tables

2

is used as a guideline for declaring that the evidence in the

sample is strong enough to allow us to generalize that the
relationship holds for a larger population as well.
The chi-square test is used to:
Can be used to determine whether observed frequencies are
significantly different from expected frequencies---goodness-of-
fit test
Determine whether the two qualitative random variables are
independent.
 DEFINITION

Chi square is used to test the statistically

significant relationship in a sample. (for categorical
variables)

Larger
Stronger
value of chi
relationship
square test
 CONDITIONS NEED TO BE
ADHERED TO:
Scale of measurement: nominal or ordinal and the data should
be in frequency.
Samples are randomly selected
The observations are independent
Chi-square cannot be computed if the expected value in any
category less than 5.
 TESTING INDEPENDENCE

chi-square used to examine whether two

qualitative/categorical variables are independent or not.
Example: education level and income, age and voting
behavior.
We can make conclusion that the variables are correlated or
independent or not associate
 TESTING INDEPENDENCE

Test p-value at 0.05

Reject null
P-value hypothesis
Accept Alternative
< 0.05 hypothesis

Fail to reject null

P-value hypothesis
Accept null
> 0.05 hypothesis
TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR
RELATIONSHIP/ASSOCIATION
Test:
Hypotheses Correlation,
Chi Square
and
regression
There is no significance
relationship/association between X and Y

There is significance
relationship/association between X and Y.

prep
ared
by:
Nor
Syazw
ani
Mohd
Rasid
 EXAMPLE USING SPSS

RQ: What is the relationship between brand of a product and the

pricing types?

Cannot compute the chi-square

RQ: Is there any significant relationship between classes and
races?

The results indicate that there is no significant relationship

between classes and races ( 2 (2, N=74)=1.879, p-value
>0.05)). This means that the students from all races are distributed
randomly to each class.