MIC 304

BASIC INDUSTRIAL
MICROBIOLOGY

INTRODUCTION: INDUSTRIAL
MICROBIOLOGY & FERMENTATION
Biotechnology
Use of microorganisms, cells, or cell
components to make a product
Classical: Fermentation
Modern: Recombinant DNA
Definition Industrial Microbiology
Application of scientific and engineering
principles to produce valuable
commercial products or to carry out
important chemical transformations or
treatment of raw materials by means of
microbiological aspects.

This process is commonly referred to as

Fermentation.
 RANGES OF FERMENTATION PROCESS
Acetobacter suboxydans
Acetic acid
Gluconobacter oxydans
Medicinal plants
Natural Products
Blue green algae

Monoclonal Antibody Mammalian cells

Citric acid Aspergillus niger

Fusarium maniliforme
Gibberellic acid
Gibberella fujikuroi
Penicillium chrysogenum
Penicillin
Penicillium notatum
MSG Brevibacterium lactofermentum

Soya sauce Aspergillus oryzae

Vitamin B-12 Propionibacterium freudenreichii

 RANGES OF FERMENTATION PROCESS

Ethanol Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABE Clostridium acetobutylicum

Lactic acid Lactobacillus delbruekii

Biogas Methanogens

1,2 propanediol Clostridium butyricum

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella oxytosa
2,3 Butanediol Bacillus polymyxa
Enterobacter aerogenes
Enterobacter sakahzakii
Fermentation

Aerobic

Anaerobic
Aerobic fermentation
Adequate aeration
Bioreactors- adequate supply of
sterile air
In addition, these fermenters may
have a mechanism for stirring and
mixing of the medium and cells
Antibiotics, enzymes, vitamins.
Anaerobic fermentation
In anaerobic fermentation, a
provision for aeration is usually not
needed.

Lactic acid, ethanol, wine

Type of Fermentation
Submerged Fermentation
Surface Fermentation
Solid State Fermentation
Trickly Fermentation
Batch Fermentation
Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor
(CSTR)
Type of Fermentation
Batch Fermentation : A closed system in which
the biomass (x), substrate (s) and product (P)
and cell located in a closed vessel and does not
leave the vessel until harvest time.
1) Submerged Fermentation: A fermentation
process in which the microorganisms is
located at the base of substrate. Usually
fungal fermentation. (Liquid Fermentation).
2) Surface Fermentation: A fermentation
process in which microorganisms / inoculums
is located at the substrate surface. (Liquid
Fermentation).
Type of Fermentation
Solid State Fermentation: A
fermentation process in which
the substrate is solid. Ex: Tempe
and mushroom, seed koji.

Trickly Fermentation : A process

whereby the liquid substrate is
trickly / drop onto wood chips
previously immobilized with the
inoculum. First used in
traditional acetic acid
fermentation.
Type of Fermentation
Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) : A
continuously stirred tank reactor or chemostat. An open
fermentation system in which the biomass (x), substrate
(s) and product (P) continuously leave the vessel.
Group Work

Study group
 INDUSTRIAL FERMENTORS
Side view