PHN B :

THI CNG KT CU
----------oOo----------
I. T CHC B MY BCH CNG TRNG
II. T CHC MT BNG THI CNG
III. BiN PHP THI CNG
IV. MY MC , THIT B THI CNG
V. SP XP CC T NHM THI CNG
VI. NH MC THI CNG
VII. TiN THI CNG
VIII. CC CNG TC TRONG THI CNG PHN TH
IX. TRIN KHAI BN V
XI. THI CNG TNG HM
XII. THI CNG MNG
XIII. THI CNG CT
XIV. THI CNG DM, SN
XV. THI CNG VCH BNG CP PHA THNG
XVI. THI CNG VCH BNG H DOKA
XVII. THI CNG THANG B
XVIII. CNG TC THP
XIX. CNG TC CP PHA
XX. CNG TC B TNG
XXI. CNG TC V SINH B.1
I.T CHC B MY BCH CNG TRNG

B.2
1. B tr ng tm

B tr ng tm cn lu cc yu cu sau :

- ng phi c kt cu tt phc v trong sut qu trnh thi cng.

- ng phi c h thng thot nc tm chng ngp vo ma ma.

- Thun tin cho cng tc vn chuyn vt t v thit b.

2. Vn phng Ban ch Huy.

C 2 hnh thc b tr sau:

+ S dng Container lm vn phng tm

c p dng cho giai on ban u ca cng trnh hoc trong sut

qu trnh thi cng i vi cng trnh c thi gian thi cng ngn

+ S dng cc tng trong cng trnh sau khi xong phn btng lm
vn phng.

B.3
 Vn phng phi b tr:
-Thun tin li ra vo, thun tin cho cng tc giao dch vi i tc
-Thun tin vic quan st, kim sot ton b cng trng
-Gn gng, sch s, cch bit vi ln tri i thi cng

3. Ln tri i thi cng

B.4
B tr ln tri i thi cng cn ch :

- Khng nn nm trn v tr khu t ca cc hng mc xy dng ca cng

trnh
-Thun tin cho vic tp kt vt t, thit b cng nh li i li trn cng
trng
-Gn gng, sch s, v nm trong tm kim sot ca BCH

4. B tr khu vc thi cng

a.Khu vc gia cng ct thp

Lu nhng im sau:

- Ct thp nn ring tng loi theo ng knh

- Ct thp phi c k hai u d dng cho vic cu lp v chng
ngp nc khi tri ma
- C khu tp trung st vn, c bt che chn khi tri ma
- Khu vc gia cng thp nn c mi che
- Thng xuyn qut dn gn gng, sch s

B.5
b. Khu vc gia cng, tp kt coppha

Cn lu :
- Ct pha gia cng c sp xp gn gng, ring theo tng loi,
thng xuyn v sinh, bo tr
- nh s hoc tn cu kin ln coppha d dng cho vic lp dng
- Thng xuyn qut dn sch s

Cng trnh sch s, gn gng B.6

5. B tr cc khu tn ch

a. Khu sn xut cc cu kin c sn

Cn lu :
- Bi c sn nn c b mt bng phng
- Thun tin trong vic vn chuyn btng d ca cng trng n bi sn
xut.
-Thng xuyn qut dn sch s
b. Khu v sinh, khu tp trung rc

- Nn b tr cui hng gi, t ngi qua li, gn ni thot nc

- Thng xuyn qut dn sch s B.7
c. Ni xe cng nhn

- Gn cng ra vo, c ngi canh gi bo v ti sn

- C lan can che chn, chia khu
d. Canteen

-Thun tin cho vic phc v n ung ca Ban ch Huy v Cng nhn
- Nn btng cao ro,sch s
- B tr cc st rc v trnh xa khu vc v sinh B.8
6. B tr thit b thi cng

a. B tr cu thp cn lu :
- Thun tin, an ton cho qu trnh lp dng, vn hnh v tho d
- Bn knh hot ng bao ph khu vc gia cng v thi cng xy dng
- V tr lp t cu c th gng, neo vo cng trnh khi chiu cao cu trn 30m
- V tr lp t cu phi b tr kt cu mng vng chn: thng thng c th
lm mng ring cho cu thp hoc tn dng mng ca cng trnh lm mng
cu

b. B tr Hoist:
- Thun tin, an ton cho qu trnh lp dng, vn hnh v tho d
- Thun tin cho vic vn chuyn vt t t bi tp kt vo cc tng
- V tr lp t c th gng, neo vo cng trnh
B.9
c. B tr thang ti:
- Thang ti thng c s dng cho cng trnh thp tng( nh hn 5 tng)
- Thun tin, an ton cho qu trnh lp dng, vn hnh v tho d
- V tr lp t c th gng, neo vo cng trnh
- Thun tin cho vic vn chuyn vt t t bi tp kt vo cc tng

B.10
 II. THI CNG TNG VY

QUY TRNH THI CNG TNG VY

B.11
 I.MY MC-THIT B THI CNG

My o gu ngom thy lc Masago My o t

My o t dng c btng nn

B.12
 II.QU TRNH THI CNG TNG DN

Mc ch: dn hng cho gu o trong qu trnh o.

Chng vng ngang cho tng dn sau khi tho ct pha.

H cha Polymer Xyclo cha bentonite

B.13
 1.QU TRNH O T
1.1.Kim tra dung dch gi thnh vch: tng t thi cng cc nhi.

1.2. Cng on o t:
Quy trnh o:ao th nht bn phi h o,ao th 2 bn tri h
o,ao th 3 gia vt t cn xt trong h.

Qu trnh o t.

Dng dy di kim tra su y h

o

B.14
 2.QU TRNH GIA CNG LNG THP

2.1. Phn loi Panel:

Panel ci: hai bn hng lng c gn 2 tm end plate 970x 6 mm.

Thp ging xin

chng ct v nh
hnh lng

Panel c: khng c 2 tm end plate.

B.15
2.2. Lin kt gia 2 panel:
2.2.1. Tng vy loi 1:
Dng thp V 45x45x3 mm ngn nc (chng thm)

Thp V ngn nc Mi ni lin kt lng

c m vo lng ci

Thp V 45x45x3mm
c tc dng ngn
nc (chng thm)

B.16
2.2.2. Tng vy loi 2:dng giong chng thm

Giong chng thm

Giong chng thm

Thanh top-end tng vy theo phng php thi cng khoan dung dch

B.17
 3. H LNG & BTNG
3.1. H lng:

Cu lng ci t gin gi
chuyn n v tr h lng.

Ghi ch:
Lng ci c buc bt 2
mt ,mc ch ngn
btng trn ra ngoi tm
end plate.

B.18
 Kim tra thng ng ca lng
thp bng thc dy

Phng php o :o t nh 2
tm end plate n mt dung
dch,so snh hai gi tr.Cn chnh
panel cho n khi 2 gi tr o ny
bng nhau.

Dng c canh chnh thng

ng khi h lng thp

B.19
 Kim tra cao nh lng thp

Ghi ch:
Thng th cao nh lng thp cao hn so vi
cao thit k 5-7mm.

3.2. btng:

S lp ng Trmie
B.20
 Lp ng Trmie
Ch :sau khi lp ng trnh ng Trmie cm vo t s lm tt ng
btng.

Dng thc dy o dng btng

Ch :

Yu cu ng Trmie ngp trong btng ti thiu 2 m trnh

cho btng b phn tng trong qu trnh .

B.21
III.CC S C C TH XY RA TRONG QU TRNH
THI CNG & BIN PHP KHC PHC

1/ Tt ng btng.
Nguyn nhn: st thp.

->Bin php khc phc: nhi ng trmie.

2/ Tro btng ti v tr chn tm end plate

->Bin php khc phc: s dng dy di kim tra btng dng bn ngoi
tm end plate. Lp t pha b tro.

3/ Btng b ninh kt.

Nguyn nhn: do btng c cung cp trong thi gian qu di.

->Bin php khc phc : rt ng btng sau 2 ting.

4/ St l vch h o trong qu trnh o.

->Bin php x l :buc bt v li mc co ti v tr thnh t b st
l,gim thiu ti a hao ht btng.

5/ Chn h o b lch so vi thit k qu 1% trn tng chiu cao

tng vy.

->Bin php x l: tip tc o v chp nhn chn h o s rng hn

so vi thit k.

B.22
 III. THI CNG CC KHOAN NHI

Hin nay trn th gii cng nh Vit Nam c rt nhiu phng php
v thit b thi cng cc khoan nhi khc nhau nhng c 2 nguyn l
chung c s dng cho tt c cc phng php thi cng l:

Cc khoan nhi c s dng ng vch.

Cc khoan nhi khng dng ng vch, bao gm: Phng
php khoan trong dung dch; phng php khoan tun hon
nghch.

B.23
QUY TRNH THI CNG CC NHI

B.24
I.MY MC THIT B -VT T THI CNG

Mt bng b tr thit b thi cng cc nhi

My khoan RDC (phng php khoan tun hon nghch)

B.25
Mi khoan ng knh 1m dng khoan to l (phng php khoan tun
hon nghch)

Mi khoan rut g (phng php khoan dung dch)

B.26
Mi cp t h casing. Cu bnh xch

B.27
 II.QU TRNH THI CNG CC NHI

1. QU TRNH O T

1.1. Xc nh ta tim cc , lp t ng vch

B.28
ng vch c h bng cu S dng my o h ng vch
bnh xch vo v tr cn khoan. n cao nn hin hu.

ng vch c h vo v tr cn khoan bo v h o.

B.29
Kim tra ta ng vch sau khi c h bng thc dy

Kim tra nghim thu ta ng vch bng my ton c

B.30
 1.2. .Dung dch khoan

Sau khi h ng vch v kim tra ta , cao , nh thu cn phi

kim tra cht lng dung dch polymer trc khi tin hnh khoan to l.

iu kin Phng php Thi gian kim

tiu kim tra tra
chun
(21oC)
nht 32s - 50s Kim tra bng Trc khi khoan
phu v ca Trc khi BT
ong
(946cc/1500cc)

pH 8.5 11.5 Kim tra bng Trc khi khoan

Trc khi BT
giy qu

T trng 1.0 1.1 (C th b qua)

Cn bng MUD Khi khoan

Hm lng < 2% Kim tra hm (C th b qua)

ct
lng ct
Trc khi BT

Ch :Bng trn l tham kho.Tiu chun Polymer cha c quy

nh trong TCVN

B.31
1.3. Khoan to l :

Ch : Trong qu trnh khoan cn xc nh tm mi khoan trng

vi tim ca ng vch v lun gi cn khoan thng ng.

nh v tim mi khoan trng vi tim ca ng vch bng thc dy.

Cn chnh bn quay ca my khoan vi tm mi cc.

B.32
 Thc Ni v

Cn chnh thng ng ca cn khoan bng thc Ni v

(phng php khoan tun hon nghch).

Khoan to l ca phng php khoan dung dch

B.33
 2. H LNG & BTNG

. Mc trt gn trn tng

Cu lp lng thp vo v tr l khoan

Ch :Qu trnh h lng phi lun m bo chiu di

on lap gia 2 on lng ng nh thit k v
khong cch ai ti v tr ni lng.
B.34
H Kingpost vo lng thp. Kingpost dng chng sn
tm v h shoring trong qu trnh thi cng tng hm
Ch : on kingpost ngm trong cc c hn neo vo
lng thp ba v tr c khong cch u nhau.

Hn c nh Kingpost vo lng thp. Chi tit cc mi ni hn

c tnh ton m bo vic lng thp khng tut khi
kingpost trong qu trnh neo gi v btng.

B.35
Thi ra y h khoan ngay trc khi thc hin cng tc
b tng

Kim tra cao y h khoan sau khi thi ra bng thc dy

c gn qu di.

B.36
 Phn ng
Trmie
c
ct

Bng hng dn qu trnh BT v rt ng.

Ch :ng b tng phi lun ngp trong BT ti thiu l 3m trnh

cho btng b phn tng.

Rt ng vch sau khi btng cc

B.37
 III.DANH MC
MY MC THIT B -VT T THI CNG

Danh mc Cng dng

My khoan RCD Khoan to l
Siu m xc nh su v
My siu m Koden thng ng ca h o

My o gu ngom o t ln xe, vn chuyn ra

khi cng trng, c btng nn
My thi ra Thi ra bn lng y h khoan
My pht in Dng cho my hn gia cng lng
thp
My hn Hn ni, gia cng lng thp cc
My ct, un thp Ct, un thp
My bm nc Bm thot nc, v sinh cng
trng
Thp tm Che chn h cha dung dch, cc
sau khi khoan, to mt bng thi
cng.
ng tremie 8 10, phu Thi ra y h khoan, b tng
vo h khoan
ng vch tm 3m Gi n nh thnh h o
Thp hnh I, thp hp Che chn h cha dung dch, lm
khung lng thp trc khi
btng
Bt polymer, bt soda Pha vi nc to thnh dung dch
gi thnh vch h khoan.
Cu bch xch Cu lp vt t, thit b nng phc v
cho qu trnh thi cng,

B.38
 IV.S C V BIN PHP KHC PHC
1. B rng h khoan khng t yu cu thit k:
Nguyn nhn: Tc khoan nhanh, mi khoan khng xoay ht vng ti
mt mt ct.
Cch khc phc: Nu s v tr c ng knh nh hn ng knh thit
k nhiu th phi tin hnh khoan li.
Nu s v tr c ng knh nh hn ng knh thit k l t th c th
x l bng cch tng s lng cc b tng bo v ti cc v tr . Khi
h lng thp n v tr c ng knh khng t th cho xoay lng thp
v nng ln h xung cc cc b tng bo v chm vo thnh vch
cho t ri xung y h khoan.
2. St l thnh h khoan:
Nguyn nhn: Cht lng dung dch khoan khng t yu cu; cht ti
nng xung quanh h khoan; tc khoan nhanh gy ph v kt cu
t.
Cch khc phc: hn ch vic st l thnh h khoan, cn kim tra
cht ch v nng cao cht lng dung dch khoan. K s cng trng
cn nm r cu to a cht cng trnh, t iu chnh tc khoan
v cht lng dung dch khoan cho ph hp.
B mt thi cng h o cn c bo v, trnh vic cht xe, ti nng
tp trung trn b mt quanh h khoan.
3. Tt ng b tng khi mi bt u cng tc b tng:
Nguyn nhn: Khi h ng trmie, u ng cm vo t di y h, khi
rt ln th t dnh vo y ng, khi btng s b tt nghn, b tng
s tro ra ngoi phu .
Cch khc phc: Rt ton b ng trmie ln v thng ng. Sau lp
li v thi ra li h khoan trc khi tip tc b tng.
4. Tt ng b tng trong qu trnh b tng:
Nguyn nhn: st b tng khng t yu cu, thi gian ch i b
tng qu lu.
Cch khc phc: Rt ton b ng trmie ln, thc hin cng tc khoan
li l khoan, ht ton b phn b tng ln v thi ra li. Sau
tin hnh li t u cng tc b tng. Trong trng hp phn b
tng tr nn ng cng, khng th khoan li th phi b cc v
thay bng 2 cc khc k bn cc b h.
B.39
IV. THI CNG CC NG

B.40
1.CHUN B MT BNG THI CNG

Cn cu
Gin ng
cc

Bi tp
kt cc

-Chun b bn v bin php thi cng

- Tp kt cc trc khi ng

- nh du phn chia vch, nh du tim trc thun tin cho vic xc nh v

nh v cc trong qu trnh ng cc

- Loi b nhng cc khng cht lng, khng m bo yu cu k thut

- Tham kho thm TCXDVN 286-2003

2.THIT B THI CNG

. Thit b phc v cho qu trnh ng cc:

- Xe ng cc , ba ng cc
- Cn cu vn chuyn cc
- My hn in, dy hn , s lng km hn v que hn

Cc thit b my mc khi tp kt v cng trng cn kim tra tnh trng v giy

kim nh
B.41
3. KIM TRA VT T

Cc ch n cng trng cn kim tra

-Vt nt cc
-L lch cc
-Bin bn nghim thu cc

Kim tra bn m, hp ni cc
-Kch thc hnh hc
-Chun loi thp
B.42
4.CNG TC TRC C

S dng my ton t xc nh tim trc

H cc ng v tr Dng my thy bnh xc nh cao

B.43
5.NH DU

nh du theo chiu di cc

nh du chiu cao ri ba B.44

6.CU LP CC

t gi ta vo ng v tr Cu cc vo ba ng

7.KIM TRA THNG NG CA CC

-Kim tra thng ng ca cc bng

my kinh v theo 2 phng.

-Kim tra thng ng bng qu di

theo hai phng.

-Kim tra thng xuyn trong sut qu

trnh ng coc, nu cc nghing th
dng li iu chnh

B.45
8.KIM TRA MI NI CC

Ni cc bng bn m Ni cc bng hp ni

Kim tra cht lng ng hn Qut bitum sau khi hn

9.CNG TC NG CC

-Trong qu trnh ng cc cn
phi ghi li s ba ng theo
chiu su

-Ghi li chiu cao ri ba

-Ghi li chiu su cc ng vo
trong t

-Khi cc bt u chi cn ngng

li ly chi

B.46
10.CNG TC LY CHI CA CC

Cng tc ly chi cc Kt qu ghi li 10 ba cui cng

11.KIM TRA SC CHU TI CA CC ( Th ti ng PDA)

Gn thit b o vo cc Kt ni vo my phn tch sng

ng cc tm sc chu ti cc

B.47
11.KIM TRA SC CHU TI CA CC ( Th ti tnh)

Qu trnh th ti

12. CC S C THNG GP TRONG CC NG

Cc b nt, gay:

12.1. Trong qu trnh vn chuyn

cu lp :

Kim tra tui btng cc

Kim tra k thut cu lp

Kim tra v tr t gi cc

Cc b nt gy do cu lp khng ng B.48
 Cc b b u do
Chn ba khng
ph hp

Cc b nt do
b nghing trong
qu trnh ng

12.2. Trong qu trnh ng cc

Kim tra cng btng cc

Kim tra s ph hp ca ba ng so vi ti thit k

Kim tra li h s a cht t nn trong trng hp

gp chi gi hoc lp thu knh qu cng

Kim tra thng ng, lch tm cc trong qu trnh lp dng

Kim tra mi ni hn cc

Chn chi cc cha ph hp B.49

 V. THI CNG CC P

Tip theo quy trnh thi cng cc ng

Cc bc thi cng nghim thu v th ti cho cng tc p cc ging

nh cng tc ng cc nhng khc bit cng tc h cc:

i vi cc p hin nay c 2 thit b p c bn :

-p c (p th cng)

-p Bng Robo

1. p c (p th cng) :

T ti thit k quy nh
cho cc chn cc thng
s sau:

- Thit b p thu lc

- i trng

(Cc thit b trn thng

chn vi h s vt ti t
1.3-1.5ln)

-Ti p thng thng

Pmax = (2-3)Ptk

Pmin = (1.5-2)Ptk

B.50
2. p bng Robo :

Lu khi la chn thit b p:

+ p c (p th cng):

- Mt bng cht hp

-Cng trnh c s lng cc t, lc p nh

+ p Bng Robo:

-Mt bng rng, bng phng khng b ln

-S lng cc nhiu, lc p ln

-Tin thi cng nhanh

-p bng Robo hiu qu hn p c khi s lng cc ln

B.51
Qu trnh p cc :

- Ghi li lc p cc (s ch ng h thu lc) theo chiu su vch trn

cc.
- Tu theo thit k quy nh cn dng p cc khi lc p t gi tr
Pmax v chiu su Lmin

p k
theo di
lc p

B.52
 VI. THI CNG TNG HM THEO PP. O M

1. Thi cng h kt cu quy gi

1.1 C Larsen

H thng dn
hng khi p c

C c ng
n me vi nhau

Lu :
1. Phi kim tra cht lng c trc khi p
2. Phi c h thng dn hng nh v khi p c, m bo c thng hng.
3. C phi c ng n me vi nhau

B.53
 1.2 Tng vy cc vy

Thi cng dm
ging tng vy

Thi cng dm
ging cc vy

Lu :
Trc khi o t nn tin hnh thi cng h dm ging cho tng vy
v cc vy nhm tng kh nng chu lc ca h tng, cc vy khi o
t.

B.54
 2. Thi cng h chng cc thp

Thi cng p
cc thp

Khng s
dng cc thp
qu di v
mnh thi
cng trn nn
t tt

Lu :
1. Phi tnh ton lc tc dng xung cc thp chn chiu su p hp l.
2. Sau khi ng nn th ti kim tra kh nng chu lc ca cc thp.
3. Chn v tr p sao cho hn ch s lng cc nm trong phm vi mng.
4. nh hng ca vic p c i vi cng trnh ln cn.
5. Khng nn s dng cc thp c qu nhiu mi ni thi cng.

B.55
 3. Thi cng h ging chng
3.1 o t ti v tr lp h ging chng

H ct t
n v tr
lp h
ging

Khoan
ging h
nc ngm

Lu :
1. Thng o thp hn ct lp h ging khong 0.5 ~ 1.0 m.
2. Nu h o c mc nc ngm th giai on ny c th kt hp khoan
ging h mc nc ngm.

B.56
 3.2 V sinh, x l b mt h tng, cc vy

V sinh b mt
cc vy

b tng
chn cc vy

V sinh b mt
tng vy

Lu :
1. V sinh x l b mt tng, cc vy h ging chng tip xc
c tt.
2. b tng chn cc vy ngn nc mt khng chy vo
cng trnh. B.57
 3.3 Lp h ging chng

Khoan cy lp t h gi

Lp t h ging bin
Lu :
1. Khong cch gia cc gi thng khong 3-4m vi dm n v 2-3m
vi dm i.
2. Cn chnh h gi cng cao .
3. Lp h ging bin st vi tng, cc vy.

B.58
 b tng chn h ging bin

Lp t h ging chng ngang

Lu :
1. Dng b tng ct nh chn h ging bin.
2. i b tng cng ni c th tin hnh cng kch.
3. Lp h ging chng theo phng chu lc chnh trc, phng cn li
lp sau nm pha trn.

B.59
 Xit bu lng cc chi tit lin kt

Lp t h kch v bm du
Lu :
1. Kim tra cc chi tit lin kt: v s lng, quy cch, cht khi xit.
2. Cng kch theo tng cp, thng 20T mi ln cng.
3. Sau khi cng kim tra kht h ging bin v h tng, cc vy.

B.60
 4. Thi cng o t
A. Phng n o

Xe o ng bn cnh trn h o ly t

Lm h sn thao tc cho xe o v vn chuyn t

Lu :
1. Phi gia c v tr xe o ng ly t ( b tng hoc lt tm gi).
2. Khi dng sn thao tc phi tnh ton h chng cho sn.

B.61
 B. Phng n vn chuyn

Dng xe cuc, xe xc lt, xe i vn chuyn t

Dng xe cuc tng bo v vn chuyn t

Lu :
1. Nu h o c nhiu h ging chng th qu trnh lp t s tng t cho
tt c cc h ging.
2. Tnh ton b tr h ging sao cho mi lp cch nhau khong 3-4m.
3. Khong thng thy ti thiu xe o c th hot ng tt khng nn
nh hn 3m.
B.62
5. Nhng li thng gp trong qu trnh thi cng v phng n x l

Chiu di h ging ngang

qu ln -> khng n nh

B sung thm
ct chng

Chiu di ca h ging chng ngang qu ln

nh v v nh du v tr
ging khoan cnh bo xe
cuc khng va chm vo
trong qu trnh o

nh du v tr ging khoan trn mt bng o t

B.63
 Khng cht vt t
ln trn h shoring

Sp xp vt t khng ng ch

Sp xp vt t khng gn gng

B.64
Thiu bu lng lin kt

Lp thiu bu lng lin kt

Thiu bng cnh bo v h thng dy cu sinh an ton

B.65
Thng xuyn v sinh
h ging

t o cht y h chng ngang

Thng xuyn v sinh

h ging

Nc v t cha y trong h ging bin

B.66
 VII. THI CNG TNG HM THEO PP. TOP-DOWN
1. Gia cng, lp t h ct chng - kingpost

Gia cng h ct chng - kingpost

Lp t h ct chng - kingpost
Lu :
1. Kingpost c gia cng v lp t trong qu trnh thi cng cc khoan
nhi, cc barrette.
2. V tr kingpost t bn trong cc khoan nhi, cc barrette v thng
nm trong v tr ct, li chu lc ca cng trnh.
B.67
 H thng kch
iu chnh v tr,
thng ng
ca king-post

nh v king-post

Khoan ging h mc nc ngm

Lu :
1. Cn chnh kingpost trong qu trnh lp t, m bo ng v tr v thng
ng.
2. Nu a cht c nc ngm th phi tin hnh khoan ging h mc
nc ngm trc khi o t.
B.68
2. Qu trnh thi cng
2.1 Tp kt my mc chun b mt bng

Mt bng tp kt my mc thit b

Dn dp mt bng c nn b tng
B.69
2.2 Thi cng sn trt

o t thi cng sn trt

c b tng u tng vy
B.70
 B tng lt cho sn trt
Lu :
1. B tng lt c th di y sn trt hoc thp hn sau dng
h chng cho sn trt.
2. X l b mt trc khi b tng lt.
B.71
Gin gio cp pha cho sn trt

Ct thp cho sn trt

B.72
 Chi tit thp dm tng trt ni vi u tng vy
Lu :
1. Nn dm ging tng vy v h sn trt cng 1 lc
2. V sinh sch s u tng vy trc khi b tng.

B.73
 2.3 Thi cng sn hm 1

L Opening cho
cng tc o t v
thng thong

B tr l opening trn mt bng trt

Chng , gia c cho l opening

Lu :
1. Nn b tr l opening khu vc cu thang, li thang v bin ca tng vy
2. Nu l opening qu ln th nn gia c chng thm.
B.74
 o t v vn chuyn cho hm 1

B tng lt cho sn hm 1
Lu :
1. S lng ging bm h nc ngm phi v hot ng lin tc tng
hm lun kh ro trong sut qu trnh o.
2. Nu t tt c th a xe xc lt xung vn chuyn t cho nhanh.
B.75
Gin gio cp pha cho sn hm 1

Ct thp sn hm 1

B.76
 Lp t ct thp ct sn hm 1

Cp pha, b tng ct sn hm 1
B.77
 2.4 Thi cng sn hm 2,3
Nu cng trnh c nhiu hn 2 tng hm th qu trnh thi cng cc tng
hm cn li s ging vi tng hm 1 cho ti khi ti sn hm cui cng
ca cng trnh.

Lu :
1. Phi b tr h thng thng gi v chiu sng m bo iu kin thi
cng, kim tra v nghim thu.
2. Phi thng xuyn quan trc chuyn v ca tng vy. Lp bo co
kt qu quan trc theo di theo tng ngy.
3. sn hm ti u th tin hnh b tng ct ti .

2.5 Thi cng mng v sn hm y

o t v thi cng mng, sn hm y ca cng trnh

Lu :
1. Chng thm cho sn hm, nht l ti v tr tip gip gia sn hm v
tng vy.
2. Nu h kingpost theo thit k ch chu ti cho cc tng hm v sn
trt th khi thi cng xong sn hm y v ton b h ct, vch chu
lc mi c th tin hnh thi cng phn bn trn.

B.78
5. Nhng iu cn lu trong qu trnh thi cng/

B tr h thng thng
gi trong qu trnh thi
cng hm

V sinh sch s
kingpost sau khi o.

V sinh v cng tc thng gi khi thi cng hm

B tr li ln xung tng hm trong qu trnh thi cng

B.79
 S dng my bm
nc mt bm nc
ra ngoi

Nc ngm dng ln lm ngp tng hm

Bm sika ground x l
mch nc ngm

X l mch nc ngm
B.80
 VIII. THI CNG MNG

H chng cp pha c chng trn cc cc neo chc chn

Qun ni lng (hoc bt) bo v ct thp ct, vch trc khi b tng
B.81
 Lp mng b tng

Trong qu trnh b tng lm nhm mt ti v tr ct, vch

B.82
 B tr mt bng thi cng sch s, gn gng,
li ln xung khu vc thi cng an ton

H cp pha mng tnh ton & kim tra chc chn, b tr sn thao tc b
tng, qun ni lng hoc bt bo v ct thp
B.83
 IX. THI CNG CT

Th di kim tra thng ng cp pha trc, trong v sau khi b tng.

Lm nhm b mt tip xc gia BT Kim tra ging chng, sn thao tc,

c v mi, Lp dng ct thp theo gng ty chc chn trc khi BT
ng bn v c duyt
B.84
 Dng cu thp b tng

Bo dng ct sau khi tho cp pha

B.85
 X. THI CNG DM SN

Lp gin gio chng sn theo bn v shop-drawing c duyt

Lp cp pha y dm

Lp ct pha thnh dm, lu v tr tip gip gia cp pha y v cp pha

thnh khng c khe h
B.86
 Lp h x g (h pal) chng sn thi cng

Lp cp pha sn, lu v tr tip gip gia 2 tm vn khng c c khe h

B.87
+ Lp ct thp dm, lu cc cc k (lp bo v BT) phi c lp vo dm
trc khi h lng thp
+ Nghim thu cp pha trc khi lp thp sn: cao , tim trc

+ Lp thp sn sau khi lp v h xong thp dm

+ Lp cc k (lp bo v BT)
B.88
+ Kim tra n nh, h ging theo phng ngang ca gin gio chng sn
+ Cc u kch chng sn v dm phi c tng cng & kim tra trong
sut qu trnh b tng.

Kim tra & v sinh sch s cp pha, ct thp trc khi nghim thu b tng

B.89
Trc khi b tng phi c bt che, lan can an ton bao bc xung quanh
cc khu vc bin

Kim tra cao mt sn khi b tng, lu cc v tr khc cao (nh v

sinh, ban cng,)
B.90
Cng tc xoa nn cn lu :
+ Bin php : xoa nhm, xoa lng, hardener
+ Kim tra cao
+ Cc v tr ct thp nhiu, gc cnh, khng a my xoa nn vo c
th dng bay vut li

Cng tc bo dng: ti nc kt hp ph bt, hoc dng ph gia

B.91
 XI. THI CNG VCH BNG CP PHA THNG

1. Cng tc chun b:
+ Kim tra k cng tc gia cng theo ng bn v c duyt.
+ V sinh, bi nht b mt cp pha.
+ c nhm mch ngng (ni tip gip gia b tng c v mi)

B.92
2. Gia cng lp dng ct thp vch thang my
+ Ct thp lp dng phi nh sch r st
+ Gn cc cc k m bo chiu dy lp btng bo v
+ Kim tra on ni thp, thp ch tht k trc khi ghp cp pha

Thp gia cng

B.93
3. Lp dng cp pha:
+ Kim tra k bn v gia cng v nh s th t
+ Lu tim trc v thng ng trong qu trnh lp dng
+ Cy chng phi m bo chc chn v ng theo bn v thit k

B.94
4. Sit ty: kim tra, lp y v sit cht cc ty bng, ty gc, ty thnh

B.95
5. Cng tc b tng:
+ Cp pha phi c xt ra sch s trc v sau khi b tng
+ Kim tra sn thao tc, my m di, bin php b tng
+ Lu kim tra st, cng tc an ton trong sut qu trnh b tng

m rung mt
ngoi cp pha

B.96
 6. Cng tc thao cp pha: c bt u khi btng t cng cho
php, & v sinh sch s sau khi tho.

8. c, trm l ty i vi cc vch nm mt ngoi cng trnh, h thang my

B.97
XII. THI CNG VCH THANG BNG H DOKA

B.98
* TRNH T CC
BC THI CNG:

1. Tho ty thnh

2. Tho ty gc

3. Tho c neo

B.99
4. Tho cc nm chng
trt & nm kha gc

5. Vn chng tng m
gc cp pha

6. Vn bnh rng trt

h cp pha.

B.100
Gc cp pha sau
khi c m.

7. Tho h cp pha
mt trong

8. Tho hp Doka
(dng lp h sn
tho tc mt trong)

B.101
9. Tho h ging gi

10. Tho cht an ton v

tr c Doka trc khi
cu ln.

Nhc sn thao tc khi

v tr c Doka

B.102
11. Lp sn thao tc
vo v tr c Doka mi

12. Lp cht an ton

trc khi tho cu neo
sn thao tc

Cp pha sau khi c

nh v vo v tr mi

B.103
13. Lp li h ging gi

14. Nghim thu cng

tc ct thp lm
trc .

15. nh v v bi m
hp Doka trn h cp
pha

B.104
 16. Bi m (hoc
nht) vo b mt cp
pha.

17. nh v c Doka

18. Kim tra mc gi

trc c

B.105
19. Kim tra thng
ng cp pha.

20. iu chnh kch

nng h cp pha.

21. Sit ty kha chn

cp pha sau khi
iu chnh ng v tr.
(Lu kim tra k
cc c nm trong cp
pha trc khi sit ty)

B.106
22. Tnh tin cp pha
vo v tr tip xc b
mt vch

23. iu chnh gc
m hp l

24. ng cht nm
cht gc m cp pha

B.107
25. ng cht nm
tnh tin cp pha

26. Sit ty gc

27. Sit ty thnh

B.108
 * Mt s im cn lu khi thi cng h coppha Doka :

1) V tr neo c Doka ca lt btng u tin phi c xc nh sao

cho khi ln n tng in hnh th cu kin thi cng c trn vn mt tng
(t sn n sn).

2) Trong qu trnh thi cng, phi ch v iu chnh sao cho c neo Doka
khng ng v tr ca v l m ca tng, c bit l nhng lt gn cui
tng in hnh. Lu phi s lng c neo nh thit k.

3) Trc khi di chuyn h khung tnh tin ti lui v m gc vn khun, cc

nm cht phi c m trc, trnh dng lc qu mnh lm h lin kt ti cc
nm cht ny.

4) Cc hp Doka phi c bi trn bng m b v bt nt ren tht kn trc

khi btng sau c th tho cc hp ny ra d dng.

5) Trc khi cu cp pha ln phi tho cc cht an ton ti v tr c neo. Sau

khi cu lp vo v tr mi, phi ng cht an ton, phi rp h dy ging gi xung
quanh trnh b gi lc ri mi tho cp cu.

6) Sn thao tc phi bt kn cc khe h m bo an ton cho ngi thi

cng bn di. Phi gn h lan can v thng xuyn kim tra, bo dng cc
cu thang ln xung m bo an ton cho cng nhn di chuyn.

B.109
XIII. THI CNG CU THANG B

Bin php chng bn thang

B.110
 Xc nh tim trc, cao b mt bn thang

Lp dng gin gio v h chng cu thang

B.111
Gia cng lp dng cp pha, lu kim tra k cao

Gia cng lp dng ct thp

B.112
**Cng tc b tng lu :
+ V sinh cp pha tht sch trc khi b tng
+ Kim tra st trong sut qu trnh b tng
+ Cng tc m, lm mt & bo dng tht k

B.113
+ Cng tc tho cp pha lu : b tng phi t cng cho php mi c
tho cy chng v cp pha.
+Sau khi tho cp pha: v sinh sch s, lp lan can an ton & in chiu sng

B mt b r
do khng
m k

B.114
 XIV. BTNG KHI LN

1. nh ngha

a > 2m (Cnh ngn)

Btng c gi l khi ln
khi tha ng thi 3 yu t : b > 2m (Cnh di)

h > 2m (Chiu cao)

Vt nt do co
ngt nhit

2. Nguyn nhn gy nt cho b tng khi ln

- chnh lch nhit T>20 C

-Modul chnh lch nhit Mt > 50 C

T>20

Mt > 50 C
l =1m

B.115
3. Cc bin php phng nga v khc phc vt nt cho btng kh ln
1. t thp cu to chng nt (Theo TCXD 304-1995)

- a,h < 1 m : Khng cn t thp chng nt

- 1 < a,h < 2 m : Cn b tr thp chng nt
- a,h > 2 m : phi c bin php cho BTKL
Tu theo nhit mi trng, chiu cao m , loi xi mng s dng, t l
nc/ximng Nn b tr lp thp chng nt khong cch ti a @300
ng knh thp D10 n D20

Hnh nh khng t thp chng nt vi chiu cao lp 1.2m

Vt nt do khng t thp chng nt B.116

 2. Chia nh khi

Nn chia theo chiu cao khi thnh tng t c chiu cao h<1.5m

h3

h2

h1

Phng php ny v thng c p dng kt hp vi phng php 1

( t thp chng nt)
u im : d thi cng
Nhc im : phi chia m lm nhiu ln v x l b mt trc khi
lp k tip
3. S dng btng cp phi ht trung kt hp ph gia siu ho do

Tham kho thm TCXD 304-1995

S dng ph gia siu ho do cho btng mng gim lng nc, gim
nhit thu ho ca btng, lu :
-Phng php ny thng c p dng khi c s chp thun ca thit k
hoc TVGS
-Btng nn vo ban m
-V btng c st thp nn btng ninh kt sm v kh cho cc cu
kin c mt ct thp dy.
B.117
 4. S dng btng lnh
Tu thuc vo chiu cao m , nhit mi trng,v vic phn b ct thp
trong m . Chn nhit btng lnh ph hp (thng thng hin nay
btng lnh c th n 28 C)

o nhit trc khi

-Nn btng vo ban m
-Phng php ny p dung cho cc m c chiu cao nh hn 3m v
c s dng nhiu v c chi ph va phi

5. S dng ximng to nhit thp

S dng ximng masspour ca Holcilm

- Phng php ny thng c s dng cho kt cu mng c chiu
cao m ln hn 2m

B.118
+ u im:
- Nhit thu ho thp
-p dng cho mng c chiu cao m ln
+ Nhc im:
-Gi thnh cao
-Thi gian btng t 100% cng t 60 n 90 ngy

6 . S dng gin thot nhit

Cn tnh ton lng nhit to ra t cc ng thp c ng knh D27mm-

34mm chy u trong khi dn nc lm mt khi btng bt u ninh
kt to nhit

Gin thot nhit

Nc lanh Nc nong

5-10 C
o nhit trc khi
Lu lng bm15-20 l/pht

S nguyn l lm mt bng nc

+ u im:

- Lm gim nhanh nhit thu ho ca btng

- p dng cho mng c chiu cao m ln

+ Nhc im:

-Gi thnh cao

-Phi bm va sau khi hon thnh cng tc btng

B.119
7. Bo dng
C hai cch bo dng:

+ Phng php thot nhit (phng php thng thng)

- Ph ln b mt lp gi m ( Nylon, vi a k thut..)
- Ti nc lm m b mt

+Phng php nhit:

-Sau khi btng xong dng lp cch nhit (xp polystyren, bng
khon hoc polyurethane) dy 5cm n 10cm bc kn ngoi khi
- Bc lp nylon ph kn bn ngoi trnh ma

1) Nylon
2) Tam xopday

1) Coppha thanh
2) Tam xop day

8. Theo di nhit khi

theo di nhit trong khi thng thng c 2 cch sau:

+ Dng nhit k
t cc ng thp cha nc vo trong khi truyn nhit ra
ngoi v o bng nht k

+Dng cm bin (Sensor):

Trc khi btng cn lp t cc sensor trong khi , hin nay
cha c quy nh v s lng sensor trong m , cch t sensor
thng theo tng b, ngh nh sau:

- Sensor 1 cch mp
Sensor 1
ngoi BT 40-50cm v
cch sensor 2 v 3 t
nht 1m
Sensor 2 Sensor 3
- Sensor 2 v sensor
3 tm khi v
cch nhau 1m
B.120
 XV. DM, SN CHUYN I

Thng thng dm sn chuyn i c kch thc kh ln cn kt hp

vi bin php thi cng khi ln c la chn ph hp p ng
c cc yu cu sau:
- m bo an ton cho h chu lc bn di v an ton cho kt cu
bn di trong sut qu trnh thi cng
- m bo m khng b nt do co ngt cng nh nt do h chng
b vng
- m bo kh nng cp btng ca cc nh cung cp
- m bo thi gian khng qu di

1. Chun b h chng

y l bc quan trng cn tnh ton c th s dng bin php

chng ph hp c th s dng
- Gin gio lng
- Gin gio pal ( loi nh, trung bnh hoc nng)
- Gin gio chn
- Chng bng thp hnh

B.121
 Chng bng dm I ti cc l thng tng

Chng gia cng cc tng bn di bng gin gio pal loi trung bnh

B.122
2. Lp dng coppha dm

Cn tnh ton:
- vng coppha
-kh nng chu lc ca gng, ti ging

3. Lp dng ct thp

B.123
Cn lu :
Thng lng ct thp trong dm, sn chuyn i rt nhiu v
phc tp do
-Cn v shop drawing chi tit cho tng thanh thp trnh sai
st khi gia cng lp dng
-Nghim thu tng lp, tng cu kin trc khi lp t lp, cu
kin tip theo

Sau khi nghim thu ct thp , tin hnh lp dng cp pha thnh

B.124
4. btng

Trc khi btng cn c bn v mt bng b tr thi cng :

- V sinh, lp t ng chun b Btng
- V tr cc xe bm , v tr xe vn chuyn btng
- ng ng lp t
- Phn chia khu vc btng, gim st ph trch iu hnh

V thi gian btng ko di nn cn lu :

- iu phi xe btng n cng trng mt cch hp l
- B tr cc thit b m d phng
- Chia ca cho cng nhn trc tip thi cng cng nh gim st
iu hnh B.125
XVI. CP SN D NG LC (CNG SAU)

B.126
1. Kim tra xut x, cht lng vt liu trc khi a vo s dng

Mu u neo, nm chun b a vo th nghim

Th nghim cng ca cp DUL, h neo

B.127
2. Gia cng ct cp, u neo

Cp c gia cng ct v lun vo ng cp trc khi a

vo lp t

Gia cng u neo sng

B.128
* Li thng mc phi khi gia cng cp

Mt bng gia cng khng gn gng dn n d b ri cp

Cp b ri hao ht ln hn d tr

B.129
3. Chun b mt bng, nh v tuyn cp ln mt cp pha

Khoan l ln mt cppha thnh bin lp u neo sng

Sn v tr tim tuyn cp, profile (cao ) cc tuyn cp ln mt cppha

B.130
* Li thng mc phi khi chun b mt bng

Khng nh v tim, profile tuyn cp ln mt coppha dn n

d sai st v v tr, cao tuyn cp khi lp t

V tr nm ct khng v sinh sch s trc kh lp t

ct thp lp 1 rt kh v sinh khi lp t cp
hon chnh.

B.131
4. Lp t cp: Sau khi ct thp sn lp di c lp t hon chnh th
tin hnh lp t cp

Cc tuyn cp di c gia cng ct v lun ng

trc tip trn sn theo ng v tr thit k

Cc tuyn cp ngn c gia cng sn v

cu ln sn lp t
B.132
Lp t cp theo hai phng, cc tuyn di lp trc, tuyn ngn
lp sau. Cc mi ni ng lun c qun k bng bng keo

Lu nghim thu theo tng cng on trong qu trnh lp cp,

nu khng s rt kh cn chnh sau khi lp t thp sn

B.133
Mt cp pha phi c v sinh sch s trc khi tin hnh lp
t cp

Cc u neo sng c c nh cht vo cp pha thnh bin

B.134
Sau khi lp t cp hon chnh th tin hnh lp t ct thp sn lp trn

Sau khi lp t xong thp sn lp 2 th tin hnh lp t

ng bm va, cn chnh profile cc tuyn cp theo ng
thit k nghim thu btng

B.135
Sau khi btng sn, tho cppha thnh bin th tin hnh
lp t u neo, nm

u neo, nm hon chnh sau khi lp t

B.136
* Li thng mc phi khi lp t cp

u neo khng c bt kn nn khi btng, va ximng

chy vo lm bt u neo sng khng lp c u neo, nm

Ct thp lt vo u neo sng khng lp c u neo, nm, mun

lp c phi ct b ct thp nh hng n kt cu cng trnh

B.137
 u neo cht khng chiu di neo u neo
cht b tt khi cng cp

Cc u neo sng vo li thang b cng nhn ct

nhm cp khi tho sn thao tc khng tin hnh
cng cp c

B.138
 5. Cng tc cng cp

Tin hnh cng cp sau khi btng sn t cng theo quy nh ca thit k

Gim st phi theo di, ghi chp s liu lc cng, gin di ca

mi tao cp.
B.139
* Cc li thng mc phi khi cng cp

Cng cp khng ng lc theo

thit k, o gin di khng
ng thc t

Lp sn thao tc khng y mt an ton khi thi

cng cng cp

B.140
6. Cng tc bm va

Sau khi hon thnh cng tc cng cp th tin hnh ct b

cp tha, bt u neo bng va v tin hnh bm va vo
cc tuyn cp

* Cc li thng mc phi khi cng cp

-Trn va khng ng cp phi thit k va khng t mc
- Bm va khng ng p lc quy nh ng cp khng
y va

Cc ng cp b tt do va btng trn vo trong qu trnh

btng sn phi khoan sn thng v tr b tt
B.141
 XVII. THI CNG KT CU THP

I.KIM TRA V LY MU VT LIU KT CU THP

Nhn mc trn sn phm thp tm gm:

-Ni sn xut.
-Mc thp
-kch thc v chiu dy tm
B.142
 Bu lng neo m km

Mu vt liu: mu thp v mu bu lng neo

B.143
II.CC TH NGHIM KT CU THP

Kim tra ng hn bng phng php th t

Kim tra chiu

dy sn tng
lp: sn r v
hon thin

B.144
 III. DY CHUYN GIA CNG KC THP

Nguyn liu Thp nhp vo xng

Ct phi thp tm c chiu dy >=18m bng ra gi

B.145
Ct phi thp tm c chiu dy <18mm bng my

Hn c nh cnh trn, cnh di v bng

B.146
 Hn hon thin bng my hn t ng

Hoc hn hon thin bng my hn bn t ng

B.147
 t l sau khi hn

Lm sch b mt bng my phun bi

B.148
 Cng tc sn g

Cng tc sn hon thin

B.149
Tp kt v bo v sn phm sn hon thin

B.150
IV. LP DNG KT CU THP

Tp kt ko v cng trng

Hun luyn cng nhn trc khi lp dng

B.151
Kim tra sc khe v Nhc nh an ton lao ng cng nhn hng ngy
trc khi lp dng

Chun b dn gio v lan can an ton trc khi

lp dng

B.152
Lp dng ct v thanh ging, cp ging tm thnh mt h cng tm thi

Lp khung ko ln ct

B.153
Lp x g v thanhh ging thnh h cng

Lp tng t cho cc khung tip theo.

B.154
V. GIA CNG - LP DNG X G - TOLE

Phi x g nhp v xng

Kim tra chiu dy x g

B.155
 My cn x g

Nhn mc x g sau khi gia cng xong

B.156
My cn Tole ti cng trng thng s dng cho nhng
chiu di qu kh.

Dng c kp tole
cu tole ln xung

B.157
 Chuyn tole ln mi

Chuyn tole vo v tr lp
B.158
 My kp sng tole

Li an ton khi lp tole

B.159
VI. GIA CNG - LP DNG TM LP C LP
CCH NHIT iN HNH

Cu to tm lp in hnh

Thi cng tm Decking

B.160
Lp dng x g Z

Thi cng Rockwool

B.161
Lp dng tm cement board

Dn tm Bitume
B.162
 Lp ST Clip

Lp dng tm lp trn cng

B.163
XVIII. CNG TC H TNG

B.164
1. Cng tc chun b, nh v mt bng, bc lp hu c

Tim tuyn ng c cm mc trn mt bng

Tng lp t hu c, thc vt c bc i

* Li thng mc phi khi nh v mt bng, bc lp hu c

-nh v tim tuyn khng chnh xc dn n tim ng b lch so vi
thit k.
- Bc b khng ht lp hu c, ti bn (nu c) dn n nn h
khng t cht sau ny.
B.165
2. Thi cng h thng thot nc

o t ng cng v h ga thot nc n cao thit k

Lp t gi cng, gim st cn kim tra k v tr, cao

ca cc gi cng

B.166
 Cng sau khi lp xong c trt mi ni cn thn v lp ct

H ga sau khi thi cng hon thnh

* Li thng mc phi khi nh v mt bng, bc lp hu c

- Cao , dc ca tuyn cng khng ng dn n hiu qu thot
nc km.
- Mi ni khng c xy, trt k nc b x ra trong qu trnh s
dng.
- Lp ct khng m k b ln st nn khi tri ma to hoc trong
qu trnh s dng B.167
3. Thi cng nn h v lp cp phi

Nn h c o (hoc p) n cote v lu ln t cht thit k

Sau khi nn h t chc th cng tip lp cp phi. Ngun gc v

cp phi cn c T vn gim st ph duyt

B.168
 cp phi cn c ti nc v lu ln tng lp mt (dy
trung bnh 200mm)

4. Thi cng b va, va h

B va c nh v ng v tr, cao v ghp cppha thp nh hnh

B.169
 btng b va. Sau khi m btng xong cn lm
mt b va k t phng cn thit

B va sau khi btng xong cn c bo dng

bng ti nc hoc cc phng php khc

B.170
Sau khi hon thnh b va th tin hnh thi cng va h. Nn h va
h cn c lu ln t cht thit k

Thi cng lt gch va h

B.171
5. Thi cng hon thin lp cp phi v thm nha

Lp cp phi c lu ln hon chnh t cht v cote thit k

Th nghim cht K, mul n hi E ca lp cp phi

B.172
 Thi cng phun lp nh tng v thm lp nha ht th

Thi cng thm lp nha ht mn

* Lu khi thi cng lp cp phi v thm nha

- Cp phi ca dm phi t yu cu, nu khng khi thi cng lu
ln s khng t cht thit k.
- Khi thm nha nn phi kh ro sch s v tri khng ma,
ngc li lp btng nha s b bong trc sau ny.
- Trc khi ti nh tng phi che chn b va, khng nh
tng vy bn vo b va hon thin.
- dc mt ng phi t yu cu mt ng s b ng nc
nu dc khng tt.
-Khi xe btng nha n cng trng phi kim tra nhit . Khi thi
cng xong phi th nghim xc nh mun n hi.
B.173