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1 Hema
1 Hema
Serum vs Plasma
Both are fluid portions of blood
Serum is from clotted blood, has no clotting factors
(used up in the clotting process)
Plasma is from anticoagulated blood, has clotting
factors, makes up about 55% of bloods volume
COMPOSITION
PLASMA
Unclotted
portion
Pale Yellow fluid
Water
Proteins
Other
substances
Plasma proteins
ALBUMIN
GLOBULIN
FIBRINOGEN
ALBUMIN
58% of proteins
CLOTTING FACTOR
4% of plasma proteins
Converted into fibrin during Activation of
clotting factors
Agranulocytes
Lymphocyte and Monocyte
PLATELET OR
THROMBOCYTES
Erythrocytes / RBCs
6-8 micrometer (diameter), biconcave disc
non-nucleated , with hemoglobin
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
~ 4-6 million/L : RBC Count
how to count: thru manual or automated
Anemia vs Polycythemia
Contains RNA
To count:
Supravital dye
Automation (TOA/Sysmex)
Leukocytes / WBCs
Hitch a ride in the blood
Colorless in unstained smears
~ 4,500-11,500 /L in circulating blood; many
more in tissues
Function in immunity and defense against
bacteria, viruses and all other foreign
materials (includes allergens like pollen, etc.)
Leucopenia vs Leucocytosis
Differentiated using Wrights stain
Types of WBC
According to nucleus
-PMN
-Mononuclear
Lymphopenia/Lymphocytopenia :
long term drug administration;
immunodeficiency
Monocytes
Macrophage in the tissues
Phagocytosis, presentation of
epitopes
Slightly larger than other WBCs
Monocytopenia : theoretical
Platelets / Thrombocytes
Pieces of a bone marrow cell known as a
megakaryocyte
Function to stop bleeding by forming a plug
and also release coagulation factors
(controls hemostasis)
Forms thrombus (clot)
Capable of adhesion, aggregation, secretion
2-4 , oval, anucleated, slightly granular
Platelets / Thrombocytes
Reference Range: 150-450 K/cu.mm.
Counted using manual or automated
Fibrinogen
Factor Analysis
ADVANCED HEMA
PROCEDURES
BM Examination
Cytogenic analysis
Molecular assay