Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Metodologi of NIE
Metodologi of NIE
Metodologi of NIE
D
Faculty of Economics and Business
Universitas Gadjah Mada
June 2012
Literature
Discussion
Research
Methodology
Conclusion
New Economic History
(North, Fogel, Rutherford)
(Social Capital)
New Social Economics (Putnam, Coleman)
(Becker)
NIE
Property rights literature
Transaction Costs Economics (Alchian, Demsetz)
(Coase, North, Williamson)
Economics of information
(Akerlof, Stigler, Stiglitz)
Theory of Collective Action
(Ostrom, Olson, Hardin)
Economics of
Property rights/ Institutional environment:
Positive political Formal rules of the game-esp. property
Theory (L2) (polity, judiciary, bureaucracy)
Neoclassical
Economics/ Resource allocation and employment
Agency theory (L4) (prices and quantities; incentive alignment)
THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONs IN LOCAL ECONOMIC WELFARE
Level 1: Informal
Embeddedness institutions:
customs,
traditions, norms
& religion
Level 2: Formal rules: esp.
property rights
Rule of the Institutional
Environment
Games Reduce
uncertainty
Business firms,
Level 3: contract system,
Governance public
structures bureaucracies,
nonprofit
INSTITUTION organization
Level 4: P & Q; incentive
Resource alignment (agency
Reduce
Allocations & theory)
Employment Transaction
Cost
Organization
(Players)
Enhance:
1. Macro level:
Efficiency, productivity,
investment, and economic
LOCAL ECONOMIC WELFARE growth
2. Micro level:
Efficiency, productivity,
profitability, and sustainability 5
Pemerintah, Lembaga, dan Hasil Pembangunan Ekonomi
Negara (Legislatif,
Faktor Budaya Struktur Lembaga Eksekutif, dan
Yudikatif)
Perilaku
Organisasi
Pemerintah
Kontrak
Data Sources
Collecting Quantitative Data Group 2: How have the kabupaten
through Questionnaires elites responded to the
institutional changes in the
Primary data: context of the new regional
distributing questionnaires autonomy? (Revenue and
conducting direct interviews Expenditure Committees of the
making direct observations kabupaten government
bureaucrats, or they were DPRD or
To explore the effects of fiscal the belonged to the kabupaten
decentralisation by studying communities including
the perceptions of change universities, NGOs, and business
amongst various kabupaten communities)
decision makers, functionaries Group 3: How have institutional
changes since 1999 impacted on
and community members. businesspersons at the kabupaten
Three groups of respondents level? (kabupaten business
were identified: communities)
Group 1: How have the Perceptions:
institutional changes in the Pessimistic: the reform process
context of regional autonomy has many difficulties.
affected the exercise of fiscal Positive: the reform process is
power at the kabupaten level? going well.
(kabupaten government
bureaucrats and DPRD)
The Research Sample In-depth Face-to-Face
The participants in the Interviews (Qualitative Data)
survey were selected using The participants were
a purposive sampling selected using a purposive
technique. sampling technique.
A large number of Interview methods: notes
informants represents: and audio-tape recordings
the upper-middle-ranking Face-to-face interviews
kabupaten bureaucrats open-ended
members of DPRD questionnaires to collect
members of kabupaten qualitative data
communities (NGOs,
kabupaten university scholars Deep insight to fill the
and kabupaten business gaps in the quantitative via
communities) the questionnaires
Crosscheck MoF,
Directorate of Fiscal
Balance, and Ministry of
Home Affairs (MoHA)
Table 3: Details of the Respondents Who Consented to be Interviewed
Administrative
Bureaucrats DPRD Communities
Levels
National Levels - The Director of Fiscal
(Informal Interview) Balance, MoF,
- The Sub-director of
regional finance, MoHA
Total Number 2
District Levels (Formal
Interview)
Sleman - Bupati - Head of - University
- Kabupaten Secretary Kabupaten scholars
- Vice head of budget DPRD - NGO
section - Asita
- Senior staff of government - Gapenda
budget section - REI
Total 4 1 5
Badung - Heads of financial section - Head of - University
- Vice head of financial DPRD scholars
section budget - Asita
- Vice head of revenue committee - REI
section - Gapenda
- PHRI
Total 3 1 5
Kupang - Head of financial section - Head of - University
- Vice head of revenue DPRD scholars
section budget - NGO
Vice head of financial section committee - Gapenda
Total 3 1 3
Total in all three 12 3 13
Kabupatens
Source: Survey Data
Participant vs Non- The Documentary Evidence
Participant Observation Published statistics, annual
reports, internal and other
Hussey and Hussey, 1997 records:
the central government annual
Non-participant observation is financial reports, research reports
and regional autonomy
characterised by the lack of evaluations from the central
researcher involvement in what he government including the MoF,
MoHA and the Central Bureau of
or she observes. Statistics (CBS)
Participant observation, on the provincial governments and
other hand, is marked by active kabupaten governments (DPRD
and kabupaten communities)
involvement by the researcher in Kabupaten budget reports,
the setting observed. evidence pertaining to
development-planning, and
Non-participant documents containing kabupaten
statistics
observation direct
observations formal and Verifying data
questionnaires, interviews and
informal meetings (fiscal observations.
decentralisation seminars at To analyse in depth the formal
the regional and national
regional autonomy and fiscal
levels) decentralisation laws
introduced in 1999 and 2004.
Creswell (2003)
Data analysis can combine
quantitative (descriptive and
inferential numeric analysis) and
qualitative analysis (description
and thematic text or image
analysis).
Data Analysis
Qualitative Data Quantitative Data
Analysis Analysis
Problems in analysing Problems in analysing
qualitative data: quantitative data:
the data is difficult to be small sample sizes
summarised and structured Likert scale was the basis
to more general of the kabupaten level
conclusions. data.
This paper collected The best method for a
data from interview quantitative analysis in
and survey. this paper:
Trends is identified in the statistical mean
the quantitative standard deviation
The quantitative data were
information.
analysed using Statistical
Package for the Social
Sciences (SPSS) software.
This paper is the first research of its kind to provide a
comprehensive investigation of the impact of
institutional change in the context of Indonesias
regional autonomy reform.
Triangulation methods of field research involved
direct interviews, survey and documentation.
The interviews employed semi-structured method
using topic guides and focused on the research
questions.
Examining the nature of Indonesias fiscal system and
central-regional relations both before and after the
new laws of 1999 and 2004 from the perspective of
formal structures.
To what extent do these new laws represent a
genuine decentralisation of fiscal powers?