INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES :

PERSONALITY & ABILITIES

Rudi Suryo Kristanto, S.Psi, M.Si

STIE Bank BPD Jateng
 PERSONALITY
DEF: The UNIQUE and RELATIVELY STABLE
(Consistent) Pattern of BEHAVIORs, THOUGHTs
and EMOTIONs show by an individual.
all human beings possess a distinct patern
(traits, characteristics) no others FULLY
Duplicates
Stable patterns help us to Understand How
People Likely will behave
 The Role of Personality OB
Individuals possess the appropiate : KNOWLEDGE
(How to Perform the Task), ABLITIES (Capacity
to perform the Task), SKILL (developed the
capacity to perform those tasks well_
They CAN, They WANT
Determinant of Human behavior : the Situation
a person Setting
BEHAVIOR : Result both from the Characteristics
of an individual (Personalities) & Nature of the
Situation Interactionist Perspective
 How do We Measure Personality
Personality cannot be assessed so easily
Objective Test
a. Questionnaire : a set of Statement is true / false
about yourself extent to Agree / Disagree
b. A paper-and-pencl inventory ask people to
respond a series of questions designed to
meassure one / more aspects of their personality
RELIABILITY satbel & consistent over time
VALIDITY actually measures what it purports
to measure.
 The BIG FIVE DIMENsIONS
1. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS Hardworking, Organized, Dependable,
Persevering VS Lazy, Disorganized, Unreliable
2. EXTRAVERSION INTROVERSION Gregarious, Assertive,
Sociable VS Reserved, Timid, Quiet
3. AGREEABLENESS Cooperative, Warm, Agreeable VS
Belligerent, Cold, Dis agreeable
4. EMOTIONAL STABILITY Secure, Calm, Happy VS Insecure,
Anxious, Depressed
5. OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE Creative, Curious, Cultured VS
Practical, Narrow Interests

Salgado : Dimension 1 & 4 were associated with Job Performance

Judge : Dimention 5 was strongly ;inked to Success during Job
Training
 Positive & Negative Affectivity
Peoples moods often fluctuate rapidly
Mood states are only part of the total picture
Individuals with High degrees of Positive Affectivity
tend have an overall sense pf Well-being see people &
events in positive light & experince positive emotional
states
Individuals with high degree of Negative Affectivity
tehnd to hold negative views of themselves & others
ambiguous situations in a negative manner & experience
negative emotional states
Research : Work group (indovidual) with a Positive
Affectivity tone fuction more effectively.
 Type A and B Behavior Pattern
1. Type A : A pattern of behavior involving high level of
COMPETITIVENESS, TIME URGENCY, IRRITABILITY work
faster, work harder, seek more difficult & challenging
distraction, annoy coworker, temper, more conflicts, angry
2. Type B : A pattern of behavior characterized by a CASUAL,
LAID-BACK STYLE
PERSONAL HEALTH, TASK PERFORMANCE, RELATIONS
WITH OTHERS different
Type A not always superior than Type B Type A
frequently perform poorly
Most top executive are Type B calm, patience, one-step-
at-a-time
 SELF-EFFICACY
SE : An Individuals BELIEFs (Confident) Concerning his / her Ability to
perform specific tasks successfully.
3 Components :
a. Magnitude : the level at which an individual Believes he/she Can
Perform
b. Strenght : the persons Confodence that he/she can perform at that
level
c. Generality : the extent to which SE in one su=ituation
SE Develop : DIRECT EXPERIENCE (Feedback from performing similar
tasks in the past) & VICARIOUS EXPERIENCE (Observations of others
performing these task)
People reach initial conclusions about L Skills & Abilities a Task
Requires
When individual feel Optimistic about his/her capacity to success,
they re Willing to Intensive to efforts.
 SELF-MONITORING
SM : A personality trait involving the extent to
which individual ADAPT Their Behavior to SPECIFIC
SITUATIONs, primarily to Make the Best Posible
IMPRESSION an OTHERs
As Varying tendency for people to Chane How
individuals behave to suit the situations in which
individuals are acting
High SM tend to do better han Low SM
E has an important effect on ones career success
promotions
Viewed as : Unreliable, Inconsistent, Manipulative
 MACHIAVELLIANISM
Mach : A personality trait involving a WILLINGNESS
TO MANIPULATE OTHERs FOR ONES OWN PURPOSES
Never show Humility (Arrogance)
Morality & Ethics are for the WEAK (Powerfull to
LIE, CHEAT, DECEIVE)
Much better to be FEARED than to be Loved
High Mach not always success
Mach more success in organizations that are
loosely structured (few established rules) When
rules are vague & unclear, it is far easer for Mach.
 Handling High MACH
1. Expose them to others Mach often get
away with breaking promises, lying, using dirty
tricks, their victims remain silent
2. Pay attention to What others Do, Not What
They Say Mach often are master of
Deception
3. Avoid Situations that Give High Mach an Edge
Mach prefer to operate in situations where
other peoples Emotions
Mach, use you for their own benefit
 MORNING / EVENING Persons
MORNING Persons : Individuals wo feel MOST
ENERGETIC and ALERT EARLY in the day
EVENING Persons : Individuals who feel Most
Energetic and Alert LATE in the day.
EP : find the task of adapting to NIGHT Work
MP : sleeping primarily at Night & Studying in
the morning.
 ABILITIES
Abilities : Capacity to perform various tasks
MENTAL (INTELECTUAL) & PHYSICAL
Intelectual / Cognitive Intelegence : the ability to
UNDERSTAND Complex Ideas, to ADAPT Effectively to
Environmnet, to LEARN from Experience, to ENGAGE
in Various Forms of Reasoning, and to OVERCOME
OBSTACLEs by Careful Thought.
Intelligence : Practical (street smarts) &
Emotional, Perceptual Speed (similarities /
Differences), Number Aptitude, Spatial Visualization
(imagine when objects rotaed/moved in space)
 PHYSICAL ABILITIES
PA : The capacity to ENGAGE in the Physical
tasks required to perform a job 4 types :
a. STRENGHT capacity to EXERT (use) physical
FORCE Against Varous Objects
b. FLEXIBILITY To Move ones body in an agile
manner
c. STAMINA to ENDURE [hysical activity for
PROLONGED Peeriods
d. SPEED to Move QUICKLY
Lanjutan .... Intelligence
Practical Intellegence (Doing Smarts): ability to devise effective
ways of getting thing done / adeptness at solving the practical
problems of everyday life measured by IQ
Emotional Intelligence (Feeling Smarts) Daniel Goleman : a
cluster of abilities relating to the emotional / feeling 4
components
a. The ability to RECOGNIZE and REGULATE Our Own Emotions
recognize may be growing angry but still manage to hold their
tempers
b. The ability to RECOGNIZE and INFLUENCE Other peoples Emotions
can make others enthusiastic about their own ideas
c. SELF MOTIVATION can motivate themself to worklong & hard
on various tasks and resist the temptation to quit
d. The ability to FORM EFFECTIVE LONG-TERM RELATIONSHIPS with
others
 Renungan :
1. Seperti apakah aku ini?
2. Dapatkah aku merubah karakterku?
3. Apa yang dapat kulakukan untuk dunia ini?
4. Jika aku adalah seorang mahasiswa,
karakter macam apakah yang harus
kumiliki?