ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It was a journey with bumps but eventually it resulted in a beautiful destination.

Many thanks to everyone that somehow supported me or contributed to this
thesis.

Special thanks go out to my guide Ar. Praveen Rath and co-guide Debashish
Pradhan for their commitment, valuable feedback and patience.

Thanks to all architects that I could interest in my thesis and in particular the
ones that reserved some of their precious time for me. Special thanks go out to
the architects that provided me with valuable feedback on the topic: Ar. Ayan
Sen from Ayan Sen Architects.

Thank you to all my (former) seniors. You maintain a comfortable and friendly
environment I can walk into every now and then.

Special thanks go out to my shared-office friends of Ayan Sen Architects. Thank

you Antorip Chowdhary, Deep Mondal and Pritam Dey for creating the most
pleasant working atmosphere I can imagine. An atmosphere in which hard
work, professional debates and philosophical chats are complemented with
jokes, much needed coffee and the occasional after-work activities. An extra
thank you goes out to Medha Bothra for her linguistic support.

I would like to thank my friends and in particular Ronit Kumar and Sampada
Girhe for our social encounters, but above all for your support and occasional
listening ears.

I am indebted to Ar. Rajsekhar Chowdhury, Ar. Shankar Giri and Ar. Kalol
Chandra Dutta, Thesis Co-ordinators, Piloo Mody College of Architecture.

I would fall in my duty, if I dont remember my family at this juncture who have
always supported me particularly my mother Jaya Mishra and brother Nikhil
Bharadwaj who have always been patient and supported me during my
research and my friends for encouraging me.

4
 CONTENTS

Title Page 1

Declaration by Student 2

Certificate 3

Acknowledgement 4

Abstract 5

Problem Statement 6

Preface 7

Introduction 9

Background (Climate Responsive Architecture) 17

Problem Analysis (C. R. A.) 22

Study and Scope of the Project 24

Aim and Objectives 25

Research Methodology 27

Research Questions 28

Scope & Constraints and Conclusion 29

Bibliography 30
 ABSTRACT

IMAGE OF THE CITY- what do we comprehend from this phrase; a depiction of

the superficial conformation of the city which mostly uncovers the significance
of the city as a space just in a larger scale. Image helps in understanding the
peoples perception of the city. Going through a city from the viewers mind,
really gives . the image of the city.

When talking about the image of city, its hard to forget what Kevin A. Lynch
said in his book The Image Of The City; There seems to be a public image of
any given city which is the overlap of many individual images. Or perhaps
there is a series of public images, each held by some significant number of
citizens. Such group images are necessary if an individual is to operate
successfully within his environment and to cooperate with his fellows. Each
individual picture is unique. with some content that is rarely or never
communicated, yet it approximates the public image, which, in different
environments, is more or less compelling, more or less embracing.

Image can be explained as a picture especially in the mind, a sentimental

combination between objective city image and subjective human thoughts.
The productions of environment images are influenced by a two-way process
between the observer and the observed. The observer, with great adaptability
and in the light of his own purposes, selects, organizes, and endows with
meaning what he/she sees. Therefore, the specific image can be totally
different from the different perspective of observers.

Kolkata a city of coffeehouses and bookstores; a city of great political fervor

and artistic ferment; a city with Swiss patisseries, Jewish bakeries and Bengali
sweet shops; a city with its own triumphs and tribulations and that city was
lost in her overwhelming aura. Recent urbanization has left the city and its
riversides with lots of polluted environment. Idol immersions has made the river
water toxic and polluted again and again.

Kolkata, like many Indian cities, still grapples with poverty and economic
uncertainty, but it's also one of India's more affordable and safer cities, no
longer beset by power cuts and embarking on ambitious infrastructure
projects. It's also the city with India's first subway system. Once the capital of
the British Indian Empire, it has long been seen as a city in decline, racked by
political unrest, abandoned by industry. Even its resident Bengalis have left in
droves for opportunities elsewhere. Yet it's still a city that survives and rejoices
and celebrates. Intervention of the riverside including the flower market which
is Asias largest adds up to the re-imaging of the city. In the process of re-
imaging the entrance, the flower market also needs to be intervened
showcasing the image of the city.

Re-imaging the city involves a lot of processes where the visual form and
infrastructural development takes place. But this is not it, developing the image
would also bring in better economical growth of the area and environmental
governance as well.
5
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

This topic was the first that I outlined. I am specially interested in intervening the
riverside of Hooghly in order to re-image the entrance of the city. Also, design in
such a way to give professional opportunity and save the environment from getting
polluted.

The major concern of this thesis is to re-image the entrance of Kolkata by river
intervention including the Mallik Flower market and landscape of ghats to
compliment the visual character of Howrah bridge. Also it will act as the milestone
to upgrade and restructure nearby ghats. I believe that every city has its own
image mentally and visually perceived by people and must be provided with a
unique character .

6
 AIM

The aim of this project would be transforming Hoogly Riverside as a unique

organized space visually complimenting the Howrah bridge with commercial and
religious facilities serving the city, its people and tourists with new dimension,
image, meaning and scale of intervention. The riverside intervention shall be
envisaged as a citys image on its waterfront.

OBJECTIVES

To identify areas of visual appreciation

Restructuring the wholesale flower market with environmental friendly engineering
services and facilities which are of international standards to meet the needs of
the vendors and the buyers of all categories while studying the existing plans,
structures, layouts and their functioning in the present context.

To create plazas and public spaces for interaction

This will enhance the pull factor of the space. Certain performance plazas for small
celebrations of life in the midst of flowers.

Intervention of Strand Bank road

While retaining the essence of the activities occurring on the street occurring as a
whole.

To increase the visibility of the river

From every point possible to make the experience much livelier, this will
accentuate the spirit of the space.

Ecological preservation
To identify and implement environmental protection priorities to protect the water
quality and other resources.
 Sensitive natural features

Stop the flow of sewage, keep the river clean and pollution free.

Intervention that is in harmony with the natural character of the area

SCOPE

To analyze the ground reality to redesigning the complex.

Redesigning the entire stretch of land falling under the same category for
upliftment of the surrounding as well i.e. developing a master plan of the site
and its surroundings.
Allocating space for hawkers and stall through the linear development of open
plaza.
Designing and detailing individual shopping kiosk or unit shops.
Developing the strand bank road and streaming the nodes of transport.
Using the ghats for accentuating the spirit of the space.
Conservation of heritage structures present in and around the site.

LIMITATIONS

To overall designing the stretch, but detail out most effective areas. Preparation
of master plans only in most cases.
Developing ideas through sketches and views for certain areas.
Conceptual level of detailing of major portions of the space.
Some parts must be kept untouched due to its heritage importance.
As on undergraduate level thesis topic, more concentration will be on
micro=level development rather than overall impact of the proposal from urban
design point of view.
 PREFACE

The present study is an attempt to analyze the labor welfare practices followed by
private as well as government sector enterprises in India. In order to draw a
comprehensive picture of welfare the study has taken into account social security
measures, welfare facilities, benefits and their impact on the work efficiency of the
mine staff.

In this study we discuss about the mine workers who face the problem of improper
living standards. They have to travel miles in order to reach their working site. This
reduces their efficiency during their work hours as they somehow get exhausted
while travelling to the site. For this a necessary step has to be taken so as to provide
them all the basic facilities they need like food, shelter, medical etc. somewhere
nearby their working site location.

We study about the background of the issue covering its origin, main areas of
concern, affected population and analyze the problem so as to find different ways
to resolve it or compensate it where resolving is not possible or very difficult.

Then I include the research methodology. It covers how the study has been carried
out. It explains the research design variables of the study, tools of data collection,
area of study, tools of data analysis and ethical considerations. It also includes the
limitations of the study and hypothesis framed for the study.

After that I have covered the study of labor welfare steps taken by various
organizations. Various laws and provisions of act regarding welfare, health and
safety, social security were critically analyzed. It also highlighted the voluntary
welfare measures extended different companies.
We would also briefly look into the other researches or projects which have
relevance with our present concern and somehow connected to it. That way we
can call out a lot of inferences and learn from their mistakes or can cover-up what
those projects lacked.

7
The other major concern is the Climate responsive architecture where the
architecture of the building is discussed with relation to the ventilation, air movement
etc. Thermal design would also be considered as a factor in the designing of the
buildings along with others like humidity, precipitation etc. The use of passive
strategies in the colony buildings with on-site or off-site features have to be studies
with the inclusion of sustainability in this project as overall.

After all this we finally cover the major findings based on the objectives of the
project, suggestions related to them overall conclusion and areas of future
development are also identified. The references are included at the end of the
report.
Ronit Kumar

8
 INTRODUCTION

This section of the thesis is devoted to understand the various concepts associated
with labour, welfare, labour welfare, activities included for the benefits of providing
welfare.

LABOUR

Man has undergone several evolutionary changes from primitive times to present
day. Their economic activity centres on production. Since time immemorial labour
has played a significant role in yielding production irrespective of the modes. The
term labour has different meanings. Marxs philosophy of labour was being
practical human activity.

WELFARE

The term welfare is derived from the phase welfare which means to fare well. Its
described as well in its still familiar sense and fare, primarily understood as a
journey or arrival but later also as a supply of food. The world welfare has
historically been related to happiness and prosperity. Its a state of fairing or doing
well: freedom from any calamity, enjoyment of health, prosperity.

The term welfare expresses many ideas, meanings and connotations, such as the
state of well being, health, happiness, prosperity and the development of human
resources. It includes the three inter-related aspects social, economic and
relative. The social concept of welfare implies the welfare of man, his family and
the community. The economic aspect of welfare covers promotion of economic
development by increasing productivity. Welfare is also a relative concept, as it is
related to time and space. Thereby the term suggests the state of well being and
implies wholesomeness of the human being.

Hence, welfare is a broad concept referring to the state of an individual or a

group, in a desirable relationship with the total environment, ecological, economic
and social.

9
SCOPE OF WELFARE

Staff welfare includes both the social and economic contents of welfare. Social
welfare is primarily concerned with the solution of the weaker sections of the society
legislation, social reform, social services, social work, social action, the object of
economic welfare is to promote economic development by increasing producing an
productivity and through equitable distribution.

Thus the whole field of welfare is said to be one in which much can be done to
combat the sense of frustration of the individual workers, to relieve them of personal
and family worries, to improve their health, to afford them means of self expression, to
offer them some sphere inn which they can excel others and to help them to wider
concept of life.

Welfare and amenities within the precincts of the establishment which includes toilet
facilities, utility services, crches, shelters and canteens, proper water facilities,
medical facilities etc.

BENEFITS OF PROVIDING WELFARE

The purpose of welfare activities is to encourage economic as well as social

development by escalating production and productivity. The benefits of welfare are
accrued both by employers and workers. The following discussion highlights the
benefits of the welfare activities to the beneficiary(employers) ad the benefactor.

Benefits to workers:

Welfare activities are aimed at ensuring proper human conditions of work and living.
Working conditions of organisation which may be led by an artificial environment like
dust, fumes, noise, unhealthy temperature etc. impose strain on the body. The
welfare activities are done to provide relaxation from these hazardous effect on the
life of the workers and their family members. Thus maintaining sound state of health,
which is prerequisite to lead a good life.
10
Welfare activities add in a real way to the little earning of the labour. The facilities
provided such as housing, medical assistance, school, co-operative, canteens,
store, playgrounds, etc., compliment the income of the workers.

In general, the welfare facilities will keep workers and their families happy and
satisfied. This satisfaction would drag them to work rather than indulging in social
evils and anti-industrial activities which can curtail their career.

By and large the worker can secure a better life for himself as well as his family. This
is the social advantage of welfare i.e. nutritious food through canteen would make
him healthy and maintain a steady state of health, maternity benefits would help
the mother and child; educational facilities would give the worker a new dimension
to think and understand the importance of education for his children too.

Benefits to the employer-

Welfare facilities provided by organisation would have a direct bearing on job

satisfaction of the workers. A satisfied worker would be more productive worker. It
increases productivity as well as quality and quantity. It leads to improve profitability
and products of the organisation.

Labour welfare is the key to smooth employee-employer relations. This can be

understood in two ways. First, welfare facilities would give the feeling of caring
attitude of the employer. Being cared, the worker will be more cooperative, least
grudged and more satisfied with their job.

Welfare activities are beneficial to all the parties concerned- for workers it would
mean a better life for themselves and their family, for employers it would mean
satisfied, efficient, healthy, loyal and productive workforce and for government it
would mean peaceful industrial climate which would attract investment and
promotion of interest of workers and companies.

11
CLIMATE RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE

Climate responsive architecture is defined as the architecture that deals with a

design of a building taking into account the relation between climate and
environmental conditions to provide comfort and meet the energy requirements
without damaging the environment. It aims at achieving occupant thermal and
visual comfort by incorporating the elements of the local climate effectively. This
architecture blends design and natural elements (sun, wind, rain, water, soil,
vegetation, etc.) for heating, cooling and lighting using appropriate energy efficient
systems and technologies, such as passive systems and techniques. Hence, this
reduces the negative impact on the environment and sustains the ecosystem of
which it is a part.

Climate responsive design is based on the way, a building form and structure
moderates the climate for human comfort. It takes into account, the following
climatic parameters, which have direct influence on indoor thermal comfort and
energy consumption in buildings.

Climate-

Climate is defined as the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over

a long period. It can be broadly classified as Macro climate and Micro climate.
Macro climate is the climate of a larger area such as a region or country and Micro
climate is the variation in localized climate around a building. The macro climate
and micro climate have a very important effect on both the energy performance
and environmental performance of buildings. The site affects exposure to the
prevailing winds, the solar radiation, pollution levels, and temperature also rain
penetration.

Macroclimate-

Macro climate of an area can help in the design of buildings using the general
climatic data obtained from the Meteorological department. This data gives a
12
general impression of the climate at the site of a building and the building can be
designed accordingly.

Microclimate-

Microclimate is the distinctive climate of a particular area or region, depending

upon various factors, such as, wind, radiation, temperature and humidity. The
microclimate of a site is affected by the following factors-

1. Landform
2. Vegetation
3. Water bodies
4. Street width & Orientation
5. Open spaces & Built form.

A knowledge and understanding of the above factors helps in the design and
layout of the site plan as well as building design. The area may have many micro-
climates caused by the presence of hills, valleys, slopes, streams and surrounding
structures. Buildings in the surroundings themselves create microclimate by shading
the ground and changing the wind flow pattern.

Climate Responsive Design: Passive strategies

Climate change has been on a rise and is now a global concern and research has
shown that 90% of this change is due to human activities (smith 2005). Thus, to bring
down, the rate of climate change through Sustainable design, designers and
architects, have turned to history to look upon useful examples. Throughout history,
people have been building sustainably by the use of natural materials available,
that have had no or very minimal impact on the environment, but with the
introduction of new materials, such as glass, iron and concrete, during the Industrial
Revolution, have made structures undergo several transformations with changing
technologies.

13
Key elements of Climate responsive design are passive systems that can be divided
into the following categories;
1. Passive solar heating systems
2. Passive natural cooling techniques, and
3. Systems and day lighting techniques / natural lighting.

Sustainable and integrated design is the key to ensure, that, structures can be built in
an environmentally friendly way, as well as to respond to the local climate. At a micro
scale, passive design strategies will ensure the well-being of the people living in these
areas and at macro scale, it will help in the reduction of global warming.

TOWNSHIP: DEFINITION

Townships are the format of the future, as they are self-sustained with residential,
commercial, retail, institutional as well as industrial areas if required. They are mostly
built on the periphery of the cities and can be identified as a potential solution to
crowded urban areas. Most of the buildings in a township development are focused
on repetitive units for dwellers, without considering the needs and wants of the
individuals, society and the environment. India is urbanizing with a rapid increase in
population, due to the migration of people from villages into cities. This has resulted in
the development of high density towers of repetitive units without taking into
considerations, the needs for human comfort, be it thermal, visual or aural comfort.

In recent times, the dependence on mechanical heating and cooling devices has
increased immensely, bringing about a huge change in the lifestyle of people. India
being the home to diverse climatic conditions and energy availability being scarce, it
is necessary that buildings designed use passive means rather than the mechanical
devise for air conditioning. The term passive refers to the design techniques, which
enhance thermal comfort and minimize on the unfavourable elements of the local
climate.

14
NEED OF COLONIES/TOWNSHIPS

Due to rapid urbanization ,people are getting attracted towards the city and
urban areas where they are hoped to get more and more facilities and
amenities to survive in better living conditions. As a result of this trend, the limits of
the city increases day by day.

Due to this, more development happens and need to fulfil their demand for
every sectors and planning like housing, commercial and employment facilities
as well as institutions and the health facilities. Increase in demand and
development are dispersing and sprawling everywhere and which are not seen
to be properly managed. So have thesis for proper planning and proper
management in urban areas. Based on this concept neighbourhood planning is
coming as a new trend now a days. As well as satellite towns, colonies, special
townships communities living are upcoming need of present and future
generations. This concept is originally American concept based on the principle
that one is planning for a society and not for an aggregate of house .

For example, Maharashtra is one of the most urbanized states in India, whereas
nationally 27 percent of the population was in census1991 , the urban areas in
Maharashtra , the figure was 42 percent a census 2001. In view of the rapid
urbanization process the growing population in the urban areas of Maharashtra
and Mumbai in particular, Government has decided to give importance in
providing the connectivity and better means of communication to the new
townships. When the comprehensive planning of the land uses is designated and
densities distributed, thus the carrying capacity of a land in a city is measured.
Development is generally accepted to be a process that attempts to improve
the living conditions of people.

Although whispered awareness of the issues dates like environmental damage ,

climate change , global warming , sustainable development etc., only from Rio
summit, the need for an environment friendly planning and designing has been
appreciated for several decades . So in the new development its integration with
surrounding must be done in eco friendly manner for that purpose some
15
mandates should be provided which are help to create environment friendly
construction. Considering the hypothesis that the guideline prescribed by the
government of Odisha for special township or neighbourhood are insufficient
to develop an eco friendly and self sustained township in urban areas.

CONCEPT OF COLONY SETTLEMENT

Any colony made up of one or more neighbourhood sector. And this

neighbourhood concept was originally comes from America. Colony is the
place where not only residential facilities are provided but also recreational
facilities, commercial educational and health facilities are accommodated
within a walking distance in a single campus. In urban cities like Pune, over
population is increasing, its side effects are increasing like geography of city
boundary line depending on requirement of land. And hence surrounding
infrastructure also increased like road networking , amenities etc. The main
objective is to promote private investment in housing sector to facilitate
affordable housing and create a hassle free atmosphere for owner.

16
 Climate Responsive Architecture
BACKGROUND
THE HUMAN IMPACT

Human activities around the world leave an incredible mark on the earth, its
resources and its inhabitants. Today we consume valuable resources of the earth at
breakneck speed from the short-sighted point of view of the here and now. The
results are resource depletion, scenery damage, waste production and pollution.
The human impact is perhaps most notable in terms of climate change, for which
the emission of greenhouse gases is identified as the primary cause. The emission of
carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels is the most significant contributor.
Climate change is already a serious direct threat to human life and well-being and
will most likely emerge in the upcoming decades.

The recurring human impact is also noticeable in long term economical and socio-
political perspectives. Take for example our enormous dependence on fossil fuels. It
has already led to uncertainties in availability and pricing and it may be obvious
that the rapid development of upcoming industries could stress the worldwide
energy supply even more. As a result international relationships between suppliers
and consumers of these primary energy sources are intensifying.

As for today 81% of the worlds energy needs is met by fossil energy sources (coal,
oil and natural gas). With current policies the worldwide energy consumption is
expected to increase with 48% from 2012 to 2040. Despite renewable energy being
the worlds fastest growing source of energy, fossil fuels are expected to meet 78%
of total energy demand by 2040. This is without a doubt a serious threat to our
common future. The rising need for raw materials and fresh water could unleash
similar disastrous scenarios as well.

THE IMPACT OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

For centuries now humans have been constructing a built environment, a vast
network of cities and supporting infrastructure, in which they can deploy their
activities. The first man-made structures provided basic needs as shelter or
17
protection and were made from the available materials nearby the site. In
time humanity advanced and so did its structures; emerging into a craft
where aesthetics and impression gained importance. New activities
called for new types of buildings (e.g. temples, workshops and
marketplaces). Non domestic construction materials were introduced by
retrieving them from sites further away and structures became bigger to
impress people even more. Due to its increasing complexity, the creation
of the built environment became an expertise, managed by an architect.
And architecture evolved from vernacular to monumental.

The impact of the built environment on the natural environment boosted

after the industrial revolution. Increasing wealth and the development of
new technology catapulted the dimension and proportion of the built
environment, demanding more and more of our resources. The provision
of shelter transformed into the urge to control the indoor environment to
meet occupants best wishes. This resulted into the implementation of
mechanical climate control systems which provide heating,

cooling and ventilation while operating almost completely stand-alone

from the building structure and its environment. Building systems were
designed from the single objective of controlling indoor conditions,
passing over many comfort and energy aspects.

Things first changed after the oil crisis of 1973, an artificial crisis created
by a political conflict. From this moment on energy saving became of
progressive concern leading to significant reduction in energy
consumption of buildings achieved through increased insulation,
enhanced air tightness and by improved efficiency of building systems for
climate control.

But despite increased concern, on-going research and practical efforts

made so far, the building sector still demands a lot of our resources and
generates great amounts of waste and pollution. With prospects of
population growth, upcoming expansion of new economies,
18
accompanying creation of new wealth and more stringent requirements on
health and comfort, resource consumption by the built environment is expected
to increase if there is no change in current practice and policy.

All these prospects force us to think differently about our resource consumption
and opt for a transition towards a sustainable state where we minimize the need
for raw materials and maximize their re-use, conserve fresh water supplies and
become independent of non-renewable energy sources.

THE EVOLUTION OF CLIMATE CONTROL IN BUILDINGS

The desire to control the indoor environment to the occupants best wishes
resulted in the implementation of mechanical climate control systems that
operate completely separate from the rest of the building. And buildings
themselves became completely separated from the outdoor environment they
were placed in.

One aim of building design is to create a satisfying and healthy atmosphere in

which we can deploy our activities, whether these activities are residential,
recreational, educational, or work related. The design of a comfortable indoor
climate is of great influence on occupants health. There is a strong relation
between improved indoor climate and increased performance of employees or
students and decreased absenteeism. Think of the more severe consequences
discomfort could have on vulnerable people such as the elderly or hospital
patients. While humans in the industrialised countries spend on average 85% of
their time indoors, the creation of comfortable and healthy buildings is an
absolute necessity.

The need to control the indoor climate resulted in the implementation of building
systems specifically designed to fulfil this purpose. But these systems do not
always establish improved comfort and health benefits.

There is evidence that the use of building systems increases the number of
complaints about the indoor climate. Some studies made clear that the 19
mechanically controlled indoor environments that function completely
separated from the outdoor environment can even be far from comfortable and
healthy.

All this clearly shows that building systems were designed from the single
objective of apparent comfort provision while energy-efficiency was not
considered at all. It seems that at a time when consuming energy did not ring a
bell on resource depletion and environmental damage, comfort provision
became synonym for high energy consumption.

This is by no means necessary. Moreover, the implementation of mechanical

building systems did not result in improved comfort at all.

TOWARDS A MORE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY HOUSEKEEPING

The path to sustainable energy housekeeping for buildings is transitional and

embraces improving existing techniques, presenting new innovative solutions
and thinking in whole new concepts. The Trias Energetica embraces the
following three steps:

1 Energy demand reduction

2 Renewable energy employment
3 Clean and efficient use of fossil fuels

In order to tackle the energy problems different approaches can be thought of

based on the steps of the Trias Energetica. These approaches can start from
different scale levels or from different design concepts or used technologies. For
instance, energy problems may be dealt with on the scale of a single building
that becomes self-sufficient or on a wider scale ranging from neighbourhoods to
cities that can benefit from community services.

Other approaches may focus on a certain design philosophy that embraces one

20
or more specific design features and is transformed into a design concept or
on technology where new or more energy-efficient building systems are seen
as the way forward.

Any advanced strategy should head towards banning the use of non-
renewable energy sources entirely for all the obvious reasons; ruling out the
third step of the Trias Energetica. Alternatively, one could benefit from the
ubiquitous renewable energy resources in the immediate environment such
as direct solar radiation, daylight, natural air flows and the earths high
thermal storage capacity. By using the energy potential of the immediate
environment, a comfortable and healthy environment can be created that
contributes to the reduction of energy consumption and, by banning out
fossil fuels, eliminates undesired side-effects of pollution and waste
generation.

The initial step of demand reduction stays valid both in times of scarcity and
abundance of energy sources. On the building scale the limits of demand
reduction can probably be found at the junction of making the most out of
the potential of local energy offer and fitting it closely to user needs,
complemented with strategies such as conservation, recovery and storage.
A hereby connecting factor is the concept of responsive buildings; buildings
that can respond to changing circumstances in both the supply and
demand of energy.

21
 PROBLEM ANALYSIS
The key in successfully applying the energy potential within the built environment
for the creation of comfortable buildings is to bridge the discrepancy between
patterns in space and time of the natural energy supply and building energy
demand. The responsive ability of a building can form that link between the lack of
natural energy sources due to the dynamics of local climatic conditions and low-
energy provision of comfort. Buildings with responsive abilities - or climate-
responsive buildings - become an intermediary in their own energy housekeeping.
Essential here is the implementation of climate-responsive building elements,
structural or architectural elements in which energy harvest and complementing
energy strategies such as distribution are far-reaching integrated. Climate-
responsive building elements form one of the main topic within this research. While
the concept of employing the energy potential of the built environment is not
entirely new, a widespread implementation of climate-responsive building
concepts is not yet seen.

CLIMATE DESIGN AND THE ROLE OF ARCHITECTS

In general, a design process is a highly complex practice in which the architect

plays an important role. Architectural design has to meet a variety of design
objectives that heavily interrelate with each other and in many cases are in
conflict. The challenge to create comfortable and healthy indoor environments
and to reduce energy demand of buildings calls for creative solutions that
elaborate on existing knowledge and good practice.

In many projects the architect is the project manager and therefore the architect is
responsible for the integration of all different objectives into a single building
design. The architect is in many cases also the one person that sets course to a final
building concept. The architects creative behaviour induces new and original
ideas which are needed to advance and cope with existing and new problems.

Climate design is the part of design that is concerned with the creation of healthy
and comfortable indoor environments. Climate design starts with the right design

22
requirements set by the principal. But they often fail to state clear and verifiable
demands for the indoor climate to be achieved in the design. Many
elementary design decisions made by the architect determine the initial quality
of the indoor climate; although often not recognised by the architects
themselves. Decisions on building form, material use and natural illumination
may be made to suit another aspect of design, but have at the same time
consequences for the indoor climate. And at the very same time they also
address energy related aspects of building design. They determine if and what
additional building systems for heating, cooling, artificial lighting or ventilation
are needed.

Climatic design, or designing comfortable and healthy environments, is often

neglected as a co-responsibility of the architect. There is little coordination
between knowledge on performance of design and its implementation in the
design process. Architects often do not know how to translate available
knowledge on performance of design into their design concepts. In many cases
this knowledge is not quickly or easily accessible; most building simulation tools
produce detailed output that takes time, effort and skill to be interpreted.

As a consequence wrong design rules are used which result in the

implementation of non optimal design solutions.

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 STUDY

The study of this thesis shall focus on the Microclimate of the site, taking into account
the following off-site and on-site features, such as;

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Staff colony has an important character. The development of these labourers should
be done in this way so that they can have better environment which suits to
themselves and also save their families from crisis.

Workers stay in shanty structures in unhygienic environment, not by choice but by

compelling circumstances as they were thrown out of the formal housing sector, the
latter being unaffordable and much beyond their income levels. So, we need to
develop it in that manner so that they can flourish and grow.

Design of the whole development should be climate responsive. Because this is not
only about the miners but also things related to its effect on the habitat. Also
commercial area should be developed in this way that they not only provide the
facilities but also serve the people for their betterment. There should be all basic
amenities with the places to fulfil their daily need in an effective and efficient way.
My aim to provide the much awaited and necessary infrastructure which will cater
the need of those people, so that the problem faced by them can be finished. Also
there should be some places like park, shopping, dispensaries and recreation etc. to
give them a better and safe life.

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 AIM

To design a space for the mining staff having suitable environment and provide
them with facilities for their family too keeping in mind the environmental effects of
the project. Also to architecturally create an innovative colony design in a warm
humid climate, by incorporating passive design techniques and strategies,
throughout its structure, circulation and design so as to achieve thermal
comfortable environment.

OBJECTIVES

Convenience is the main objective in the form of economic, social and living
amenities to be given to the people within the colony. To provide all infrastructure
and residential amenities to the people which they require for living purpose.

To design for the corporation that offer long term solutions to the problem of
survival of the miners working in the coalfields.

To promote the growth of mine workers that has the inherent capacity to create
wealth and goodwill for itself and for the nation.

To construct the whole buildings with the locally available material in order to
make energy efficient and sustainable structures.

To save the labours along with their family and to create a comfortable
environment having all basic facilities.

To educate the children and setup new living standards there.

To provide a scope of employment to the families of the workers to make their

life better.

To provide recreational facilities along with the commercial facilities for the
people to interact and lead a happy living.

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 To help the isolated area grow into a developed region in that sector.

To do a study on micro climate, emphasizing its role and its relation to

climate responsive design.

Passive techniques, such as

Passive down draft evaporative cooling system (PDEC)

Wind towers / Wind catchers

Earth tunnel cooling

Roofing and wall insulation systems

Thermal mass construction

to be studied for their effective integration into building design and

achieve a comfortable thermal environment.

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 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1. Objectives and data collection

Study of site and analysis of available information.

Frame objectives, scope & limitations of the project.
Collect basic information about the project and its user group.
Consultancies and references have to be taken time to time from
established books of standards like NBC, Neuferts, and Time Savers etc.
Apart from this, a detailed study of the site, its potential.
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 A demographic study of the surrounding areas is also imperative as it will
influence important decisions regarding the usage pattern of the facility and
the level of involvement and contact (both visual as well as physical) with the
adjoining areas.

2. Case studies

Selection of projects taken as a case study.

Areas of program based on the results from case study reviews.
Comparative analysis between them and relevant justification.

3. Concept design development

Literature study, site study and analysis, case study to develop

appropriate design language.
Develop integrated design solution.

4. Final design development

Refinement of conceptual design.

Detailing of project requirements.
Final design solutions.

Research Questions

Is there a relation between micro climate of a region and climate

responsive architectural design?

Can the implementation of climate responsive building design principles

and elements lead to a combined improvement of comfort and energy
issues in the building design?

Can it serve as a practical tool or manual to aid in appropriate

implementation and application of climate responsive design concepts
for architects / designers? 28
 What are the Passive Design Strategies, which can be incorporated in
building design of residential and non-residential buildings to achieve a
comfortable internal thermal environment?

What passive design principles have been successfully used on buildings

and how effective are they?

SCOPE AND CONSTRAINTS

The study of this thesis is to understand the need of better living condition for the
mine workers with their workers keeping in mind the climate responsive concepts
with focus on passive heating and cooling techniques to be incorporated in
design with suitable case studies. This thesis shall address the various facilities
provided to the workers and climate responsive design using passive strategies
focused only towards dwelling structures in a warm humid climate of an
industrial integrated township. The scope is limited to residential and commercial
buildings in a warm humid climate.

CONCLUSION

Given the importance of human in production cycle, worker should be treated as

a partner rather than only a resource. This concept gives strength to the welfare.
Welfare includes all activities done for the betterment of workforce and includes
statutory, voluntary, social security measures, health and safety. Theses activities
will drive the manpower to be more productive, efficient, committed to work and
organisation.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Remco Looman, Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture and the Built
Environment, Department of Architectural Engineering + Technology
Sirene Ontwerpers, Rotterdam
Climate Responsive Architecture, A Design Handbook for Energy Efficiency Buildings
Arvind Krishnan, Nick Baker, SV Szokolay
Bioclimatic Housing, Innovative Designs for Warm Climates Richard Hyde.
Architecture in a Climate of Change, A Guide to Sustainable Design Peter F Smith.
Self Sustainable Township, Deepali J.Chavan, Asst.Prof.Pad.Dr. D.Y.Patil college of
Architecture, Akurdi.Pune,Maharashtra, India.

Websites:
o www.google.com
o www.sandfits.com
o www.wikipedia.com

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