Stroke

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 OBJECTIVES

To understand what is a stroke

To learn the different types of strokes
Learn signs and symptoms
Understand the deficits of a stroke
To learn what test diagnose a stroke
To learn causes of a stroke
 What is a Stroke

It is a brain attack
An acute neurologic deficit caused by a blood clot or a
rupture of a cerebral vessel
Occurs when blood flow to an area of the brain is cut off
When oxygen and nutrients are blocked, brain cells die

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 Physiological factors

The effects depends on the location of the injury and the

amount of tissue damage
Strokes effects are contralateral and cause neurological
impairments on the opposite side

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SA
 Hemispheres

AREAS OF FUNCTION

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 ISCHEMIC STOKE
A Blood vessel carrying blood to the brain is blocked by a blood clot.
Hypertension is the most common risk factor and makes up 87% of all strokes

EMBOLIC
THROMBOTIC
A clot or plaque fragment travels to the
Caused by a blood clot formed inside
brain
arteries
Clot travels to a small blood vessel and
Associated with high cholesterol and
lodges
atherosclerosis
15% occur in people with atrial
fibrillation (Afib)
 HEMORRHAGIC STROKE

Less common, makes up 15% of all strokes. It is responsible for 40% of death caused
by strokes. Blood from a ruptured blood vessel spills around and in the brain causing
swelling and cell damage

INTRACEREBRAL HEMMORRHAGE

It is the most common type. Is associated with hypertension and

aging. It is the most common type . The bleeding causes the brain
cells to die
 Transient Ischemic Attack
Also know as a TIA
Indicates a risk for a future stroke
Person has stroke like symptoms that can last for less than 24 hours
HIGH BLOOD
RISK FACTORS
PRESSURE

AGE & GENDER

HEART DISEASE
 DIAGNOSTIC

Physical Examination
Blood Test
CT SCAN
MRI
Carotid Ultrasound
Echocardiogram

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BY-SA
 Medical Treatment

Aspirin as an immediate treatment

Intravenous Injection of Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA) : dissolves
clots and may lessen or prevent complications from a stroke. It must be
given 4.5 hours after a stroke
 STROKE FACTS

The fifth leading cause of death

The leading cause of adult disability
Up to 80% are preventable
Recovery is lifelong
Nearly 7 million stroke survivors
Family history increases probably
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Act fast
Time Equals
Treatment

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STROKE HEROES ACT FAST
Life After A Stroke
 KNOW THE FACTS
PREVENT DEATH

http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/General/A
merican-Heart-Association-and-American-Stroke-
Association-Linking-
Policy_UCM_303551_Article.jsp#.WfqAW2hSzI
U
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 Question # 1

1. What is a stroke?
a) A sudden acute state of confusion that leads to dementia
b) A progressive headache that leads to short term memory deficits
c) A brain attack that occurs when blood flow to an area of the brain is cut off
d) An increase flow of blood and oxygen to the brain that causes death
 Question # 2

2. The A in FAST represents or means:

a) To be Alert and watch for other signs/symptoms of a stroke
b) Arm weakness on one side of the body call 911, its one of four signs of a stroke
c) Means the person as an Altered level of communication skills
d) The person should be Assessed for future complications that could cause a
stroke
 Question # 3

3. An ischemic stroke is:

a) a blockage of a blood vessel that can be thrombotic or embolic
b) a ruptured blood vessel caused by high cholesterol
c) a death of brain cells that can be caused by a blood clot or bleed
d) a person with respiratory problems
 References

American Stroke association. (2017). Stroke warning signs. Retrieved Nov 3 , 2017, from
http://www.strokeassociation.org
Jarvis, C. (2016). Physical examination & health assessment (7th ed). Missouri: Elsevier
John Hopkins. (2017). Types of strokes. Retrieved Nov 3, 2017, from http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org
Mayo Clinic, (2017). Symptoms and causes-mayo clinic. Retrieved Nov 3, 2017, from http://www.mayoclinic.org
Medicine Net. (2017). 7 stroke warnings, signs & symptoms, types, causes & recovery. Retrieved Nov 3, 2017. from
http://www.medicinenet.com
Web MD. (2017). Stroke health center. Retrieved Nov 3, 2017, from http://www.webmd.com