LECTURE # 7

1
Mean
The mean is the average of all numbers and is
sometimes called the arithmetic mean.
Standard Deviation
a quantity calculated to indicate the extent of
deviation for a group as a whole.
the standard deviation (SD, also represented by the
Greek letter sigma or the Latin letter s) is a measure
that is used to quantify the amount of variation or
dispersion of a set of data values. A low standard
deviation indicates that the data points tend to be
close to the mean (also called the expected value) of
the set, while a high standard deviation indicates that
the data points are spread out over a wider range of
values.
Median
The statistical median is the middle number in a
sequence of numbers.
Mode
The mode is the number that occurs most often within
a set of numbers.
Range

The range is the difference between the highest and

lowest values within a set of numbers.
 Skewness is a measure of symmetry, or more
precisely, the lack of symmetry. A distribution, or data
set, is symmetric if it looks the same to the left and
right of the center point.
Kurtosis is a measure of whether the data are heavy-
tailed or light-tailed relative to a normal distribution.
 Skewness= 0
Kurtosis= 3
 Correlation
Correlation is a statistical technique that can show
whether and how strongly pairs of variables are
related.

The Pearson product-moment correlation

coefficient (or Pearson correlation coefficient, for
short) is a measure of the strength of a linear
association between two variables and is denoted by r.
 There are three types of correlation: positive, negative,
and none (no correlation). Positive Correlation: as one
variable increases so does the other. Negative
Correlation: as one variable increases, the other
decreases.
 Regression
In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a
statistical process for estimating the relationships
among variables. It includes many techniques for
modeling and analyzing several variables, when the
focus is on the relationship between a dependent
variable and one or more independent variables (or
'predictors').
 Frequency Distribution

(Data Sheet)