Acids and Bases

pH < 7 pH > 7
taste sour taste bitter
react w/bases react w/acids
proton (H1+) donor proton (H1+) acceptor
turn litmus red turn litmus blue
lots of H1+/H3O1+ lots of OH1
react w/metals dont react w/metals

Both are electrolytes.

 Acid vs. Base
Different Alike Different

Affects pH
pH < 7 and pH > 7
litmus paper

Topic Topic

Related to
sour taste Acid H+ (proton) Base bitter taste
concentration

does not
react with
pH + pOH = 14 react with
metals
metals
 Properties

electrolytes electrolytes

sour taste bitter taste

turn litmus red turn litmus blue
react with metals to slippery feel
form H2 gas
vinegar, milk, soda, ammonia, lye, antacid,
apples, citrus fruits baking soda
ChemASAP
Copyright 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.
 Common Acids and Bases

Strong Acids (strong electrolytes) Strong Bases (strong electrolytes)

HCl hydrochloric acid NaOH sodium hydroxide

HNO3 nitric acid KOH potassium hydroxide
HClO4 perchloric acid Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide
H2SO4 sulfuric acid

Weak Acids (weak electrolytes) Weak

Weak Base
Base (weak
(weak electrolyte)
electrolyte)

CH3COOH acetic acid NH

NH43OH ammonia
H2CO3 carbonic

NH3 + H2O NH4OH

Kotz, Purcell, Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity 1991, page 145

 Acid + Base Salt + Water
Orange juice + milk bad taste
Evergreen shrub + concrete dead bush
Under a pine tree + fertilizer white powder

HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH

salt water
 Acid-Base Neutralization

1+ 1-

+ +

H32O+ H2O-
OH H2O H2O
Water ion
Hydronium Hydroxide
Water ion Water Water

Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter 3rd Edition, page 584
 Acid-Base Neutralization

1+ 1-

+ +

H3O+ OH- H2O H2O

Hydronium ion Hydroxide ion Water Water

Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter 3rd Edition, page 584