Professional Documents
Culture Documents
R MOD 05-Host Integration Basics
R MOD 05-Host Integration Basics
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 1
Host Integration Basics
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 2
Network Technologies
• Low performance
• High protocol overhead
• Dynamic configuration
• Long distance
• Connectivity among
different systems
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 3
Storage Area Network Management
• SANs are networks of host and storage devices often connected
over Fibre Channel Fabrics
• A common method of managing the variety of devices on a SAN
is SNMP
Out of Band
• The FibreAlliance is defining the SNMP MIB to facilitate SAN
management
The Fibre Channel Management Integration (FCMGMT-INT) MIB
provides a heterogeneous method of managing multiple devices
across a SAN
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 4
Fibre Channel
• Fibre Channel is a serial data transfer interface
Copper Wire Connection
Optical Fiber Connection
• High-speed is obtained through:
Mapping networking and I/O protocols to Fibre Channel constructs
Encapsulating them and transporting them within Fibre Channel frames
Host Bus Adapters
Windows
Host Storage
Linux
Host Fibre Channel
Switch
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 5
Host Bus Adapter (HBA)
A Host Bus Adapter is an
I/O adapter that sits
between the host • Manages the transfer of information
computer's bus and the
Fibre Channel loop
• Fibre Channel
• iSCSI
Multiple Technologies • FICON
• SCSI
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 6
Fibre Channel Addressing
• Fibre Channel Addresses are required to route the frames from
source to target
• 24 bits (3 bytes) physical addresses are assigned when a Fibre
Channel node is connected to the switch (or loop in the case of
FC-AL)
Target
FC Switch
Source
FC Initiator: FC Responder:
HBA SP Ports
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 7
Viewing SP Fibre Channel Port Properties
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 8
Switched Fabric Topology
• Switched Fabric is a Fibre Channel topology where many devices
connect with each other via Fibre Channel switches
This topology allows for the most number of connections with a
theoretical 16 million devices per Fabric
• Frames are routed between source and destination by the Fabric
Fibre Channel
Switch
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 9
Single Initiator Zoning
• Always put ONLY one HBA in a
zone with Storage ports
• Each HBA port can only talk to
Storage ports in the same
zone
• HBAs & Storage Ports may be
members of more than one
zone
• HBA ports are isolated from
each other to avoid potential
Single Emulex HBA zoned to two VNX ports
problems associated with the
SCSI discovery process
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 10
iSCSI Overview
iSCSI
• An IP-based protocol for establishing
and managing connections between
IP-based storage devices, hosts, and
clients
• A method to transfer block data using IP Network IP Network
a TCP/IP network
• Works by wrapping SCSI commands iSCSI/FC
into TCP Packets to transport them Gateway
over an IP network. FC
• Route or switch on standard Ethernet
equipment.
• Can use existing TCP/IP infrastructure
• Bridging devices can be used between
IP network and SAN
• No Fibre Channel content needed
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 11
iSCSI Device Options
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 12
iSCSI Names
• An iSCSI address
Uniquely identifies nodes
There are Two variations
iqn. – iSCSI Qualified Name
iqn.1992-04.com.emc:cx.fcntr073900083.a4
eui. – Extended Unique Identifier
eui.5006016141e0163a
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 13
iSCSI Front-end Port Properties
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 14
iSCSI CHAP Security
• Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
1. CHAP Target sends challenge to CHAP initiator
2. Initiator responds with a calculated value to the target
3. Target checks the calculated value, and if it matches, login
continues
4. If mutual CHAP is enabled, initiator will authenticate target using
the same process
• One-way and Mutual CHAP
Target and Initiator configured the same
• Configuration
Unisphere – Array
Host NBAs – Vendor Specific Tools
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 15
iSCSI Network Requirements
• LAN configuration allows Layer 2 (switched) and Layer 3 (routed)
networks
Layer 2 networks are recommended over Layer 3 networks
• The network should be dedicated solely to the iSCSI
configuration
For performance reasons EMC recommends that no traffic apart
from iSCSI traffic should be carried over it
If using MDS switches, EMC recommends creating a dedicated
VSAN for all iSCSI traffic.
The network must be a well-engineered network with no packet
loss or packet duplication.
vLAN tagging protocol is supported
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 16
iSCSI Basic Connectivity Verification
• Ping
Check basic connectivity
• Trace Route
Provides information on number of hops required for the packet to reach
its destination
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 17
iSCSI and FC Host Connectivity Rules
• All connections from a host to an array must use the same
protocol
Connections must be all FC or all iSCSI
NIC and HBA iSCSI connections cannot be mixed in the same server
A server must have all NIC iSCSI connections or all HBA iSCSI
connections
Do not connect a single server to both an FC storage system and
an iSCSI storage system
• Servers with iSCSI HBAs and servers with NICs can connect to the
same iSCSI storage system
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 18
Host Integration Basics
Lesson 1: Summary
During this lesson the following topics were covered:
• Identifying Network Technologies
• Identifying Fibre Channel and iSCSI components and
addressing
• Explaining FC and iSCSI connectivity rules
• Explaining host connectivity requirements
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 19
Host Integration Basics
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 20
PowerPath
Host-Based Software
• Provides Path Management
Multiple OS Support
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 21
Features and Functionality
• HBA/NIC
• Interconnect
• Switch
• Interface
• Interface Port
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 22
Array and OS Support
Supports all EMC-branded storage arrays
• All currently-shipping and supported models of VNX
• Both Fibre Channel and iSCSI interconnects
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 23
Integration with Volume Managers
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 24
Device States
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 25
Device Modes
• Reserves Bandwidth
Active mode
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 26
Active/Passive Arrays: Failover Mechanism
Host
• Two types of path failover:
Array-initiated LUN trespass
Typical cause: an SP fails or needs
Active Passive
to reboot
PowerPath logs a follow-over
Host-initiated LUN trespass Fabric A Fabric B
PowerPath detects a path failure,
e.g. due to a cable break, port
failure etc.
PowerPath initiates a trespass,
and logs the event
Trespass
SP-A SP-B
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 27
Active/Active Mode (ALUA)
• Asymmetric Logical Unit Access (ALUA) Front-End Fault Masking
Asymmetric accessibility to logical
units through various ports
Request forwarding
implementation
Communication method to pass
IO’s between SP’s
Software on the controller
forwards requests to the other
controller Back-End Fault Masking
• Not an Active-Active Array model!
I/Os are not serviced by both SPs for a
given LUN
I/Os are redirected to the SP owning
the LUN
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 28
Symmetrical Active-Active: Overview
LUN
LUN
LUN LUN
• Only one SP serves IOs via a given LUN • LUN is presented across both SP- • Both SPs serve IOs to and from a given
• The remaining SP is acting as standby paths via internal links LUN
• SP trespasses LUN when paths fail and • Only one SP is actively processing IO • If path fails, no disruption to LUN
host software adjusts to new path to the backend • The performance is now improved up
• Host initiates trespass when path fails to 2X
• Classic LUNs only!
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 29
Asymmetric LUN Access: VNX
SP reports SCSI descriptor:
I/O resumes to LUN
TARGET_PORT_GROUPS
through alternate SP
Active/Optimized after short delay
Active/Non-Optimized
ALUA masks
the failure and
trespasses
LUN
SPA SPB SPA SPB
Owned Owned
by SPA Optimized Path by SPB
Non-optimized Path
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 30
Symmetric LUN Access: VNX with MCx
• Both SPs send and receive I/O continues through
Active/Optimized remaining SP and
• Classic LUNs ONLY (OE R5.33) paths with NO delay
Owned
by SPA Optimized Path Owned
by SPA
Non-optimized Path
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 31
LUN Parallel Access Locking Service
• Required for Active-Active access
Lock
Lock
LUN
• Write I/O operation acquires a lock on LBA address on both SPs
• Lock requests sent over CMI
• Lock requests are smaller/quicker than the entire I/O
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 32
VNX with Symmetric / Active-Active Benefits
• Lower risk with increased availability within data centers
• Improved Availability
All Paths are Active
No trespass during path failure
No trespass during NDU
• No setup on VNX or Host side
• Improved Performance
All Paths serving I/O LUN
Up to 2X Improvement
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 33
Requirements for Unisphere Host Agent, Unisphere
Server Utility
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 34
Installing Unisphere Host Agent or Server Utility
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 35
Unisphere Server Utility: Install Rules for NIC
Initiators
• Must use Unisphere Server
Utility
• Microsoft iSCSI initiator, you
must install the Microsoft
iSCSI Software
• Do not install the server
utility on a VMware Virtual
Machine.
• Do not disable the
Registration Service option
• Reboot the server when the
installation
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 36
Host Integration Basics
Lesson 2: Summary
During this lesson the following topics were covered:
• Describe PowerPath Features and Functions
• Describe Unisphere Agent and Unisphere Server Utility
Considerations
• Implement Host Utilities
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 37
Summary
Key points covered in this module:
• Each network technology has key components, addressing, and
connectivity requirements that must be followed to enable host
connectivity.
• PowerPath provides path management essential for
multipathing and high availability.
Copyright © 2014 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Host Integration Basics 38