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Electrochemistry 2
Electrochemistry 2
Electrochemistry 2
Session
Electrochemistry - 2
Session Objectives
• Electrolysis
• Electrode Potential
• Electromotive force
• Electrochemical cells
Electrolysis
The process of decomposition of an electrolyte by the
passage of electricity is called electrolysis. In
electrolysis electrical energy is used to cause a
chemical reaction.
Electrolysis
For example,
Electrolysis of molten sodium chloride
Na e
Na Reduction At cathode
1
Cl
Cl2 (g) e Oxidation At anode
2
Electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride
1
H + e H2 (gas)
2
At anode, Cl– is discharge as Cl2 (gas) because discharge
potential of Cl– is much lower than that of OH– ion.
1
Cl Cl2 g e
2
Electrolysis of aqueous copper sulphate
Electrolysis of aqueous copper sulphate solution using inert electrodes
W Q
I.t.E
W
96500
1 Faraday=96500 coulomb
Na e
Na E 23g
1F 23g
Al3 3e
Al E 9g
3F 27g
Cu2 2e
Cu E 31.75g
2F 63.5g
Illustrative Example
Find the total charge in coulombs
on 1 g ion of N3– .
Solution :
No. of moles in 1g N3- ion = 1/14
=0.0714286.
Solution:
27
w 0.1 0.9 g
3
Illustrative Example
How many atoms of calcium will be deposited
from a solution of CaCl2 by a current of 25
milliamperes flowing for 60 s?
Solution:
25 103 60
96500
25 103 60
moles of Ca atoms
96500 2
25 103 60
6.023 1023 atoms of Ca
96500 2
E it
W
96500
160 i 30 60
10
2 96500
i = 6.701 ampere
Faraday’s second law of electrolysis
W1 E1 Z It E
or 1 1
W2 E2 Z2It E2
Z E
Hence, 1 1
Z2 E2
Illustrative Example
The electrolytic cells, one containing acidified
ferrous chloride and another acidified ferric chloride
are connected in series. What will be the ratio of
iron deposited at cathodes in the two cells when
electricity is passed through the cells ?
Solution
M
3
=2
M 2
3
Illustrative Example
A 100 W, 110 V incandescent lamp is connected in
series with an electrolyte cell containing cadmium
sulphate solution. What mass of cadmium will be
deposited by the current flowing for 10 hr?
(Gram atomic mass of Cd = 112.4 g)
Solution
Watt = Volt × Current
100 = 110 × Current
100 10
current ampere
110 11
But we know, Q = i × t
10
10 60 60 coulombs
11
10 10 60 60
Number of equivalent = = 0.339
11 96500
Mass of cadmium deposited
0.339 112.4
= 19.06 g
2
Electrode Potential
1
H2 g H aq. e
2
OR
1
H aq. e H2 g
2
E0 n SRP of cation
M /M
Solution:
Daniel cell
Reactions involved
Oxidation at anode
Reduction at cathode
Cell reaction
Electromotive force(EMF)
E0cell=E0cathode-E0anode
Electromotive force(EMF) of a cell
Solution:
Eo
cell
Eo
cathode
Eo
anode
Solution
Eo
cell
Eo
cathode
Eo
anode
= –0.41 – (–0.76)
= +0.35 V
Thank you