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Basic Derivation of Turbulence Flow
Basic Derivation of Turbulence Flow
Basic Derivation of Turbulence Flow
Lecture of :
the Reynolds equations of
turbulent motions
Prepared by:
Eng. Mohammad Hamasha
Jordan University of Science & Technology
• Most of the research on turbulent –flow analysis is the
past century has used the concept of time averaging.
• assume :
Fluid is in a randomly unsteady turbulent state.
Worked with the time-averaged or mean equations
of motion.
to T
1
Q
T Qdt
to
fig 1
fds f ds
u v w equ ……….3
0
x y z
This is Reynolds-averaged basic differential equation for turbulent mean
continuity.
DV
g p 2 V equ…5
Dt
equ….6
substitute equ 2 in to equ 5
equ…..7
This new term is never negligible in any turbulent flow and is the
source of our analytic difficulties.
time-averaging procedure has introduced nine new variables
(the tensor components) which can be defined only through
(unavailable) knowledge of the detailed turbulent structure.
The components of ui' u 'j are related not only to fluid physical
properties but also to local flow conditions (velocity,
geometry, surface roughness, and upstream history).
u ' '
i u j is called turbulent shear.
Now consider the energy equation (first law of thermodynamics)
for incompressible flow with constant properties
DT equ…..10
c p k 2 T
Dt
c p
DT
qi equ…..11
Dt xi
ui
ui' u j u 'j equ…..12
2
x j x j x i xi
T
qi k c p ui' T ' equ…..13
xi
Laminar Turbulent
c p ui' T '
u u ' '
y y u v
equ…..14
k
2
1 ' '
1
u u v ' v ' w' w' u 'u '
2
equ….15
equ….16
We have labeled this relation with Roman numerals to
state the relation in words: The rate of change (I) of
turbulent energy is equal to (II) its convective diffusion,
plus (III) its production, plus (IV) the work done by
turbulent viscous stresses, plus (V) the turbulent viscous
dissipation. The terms in this relation are so complex that
they cannot be computed from first principles. Therefore
modeling ideas are needed.
The Reynolds stress equation
From equation (8), the turbulent or "Reynolds" stresses have the
form Sij =( ui' u 'j ) From this point of view, the turbulence kinetic
energy is actually Proportional to the sum of the three turbulent
normal stresses, K = - Sii /2ρ. Of more importance to the engineer
are the turbulent shear stresses, where i ≠ j. It is possible to
develop a conservation equation for a single Reynolds stress.
the derivation involves subtracting the time averaged moment
equation (7), this yields Reynolds stress equation
I II III IV
Dui' u 'j ' ' ui u u '
u '
p '
u '
u '
u j u k ui' uk'
j
2v
i j
i j
Dt xk xk xk xk x j xi
V
jk ui ik u j
' ' '
u u p '
ui u j uk v
' ' ' i j '
xk xk
Here the roman numerals denote (I) rate of change of Reynolds stress,
(II) generation of stress, (III) dissipation, (IV) pressure strain effects,
and (V) diffusion of Reynolds stress.
Thank you