Lesson 1

 application
 design of components
 material protection (from corrosion,
damage, etc.)
1. Physical properties
2. Mechanical properties
3. Chemical properties
 colour –light wave length

 specificheat – the heat required to raise

the temperature of one gram of a
substance by one degree centigrade
(J/kg K)
 density
– mass per unit volume
expressed in such units as kg/cm 3

 thermal conductivity –rate at which

heat flows through a given material (W/m
K)
 melting point – a temperature at which a
solid begins to liquify

 electrical conductivity – a measure of

how strongly a material opposes the flow
of electric current (Ω⋅m)
 coefficientof thermal expansion –
degree of expansion divided by the
change in temperature (m/°C)
 tensile
strength – measures the force
required to pull something such as
rope,wire or a structural beam to the
point where it breaks

 ductility
– a measure of how much strain
a material can take before rupturing
 malleability– the property of a material
that can be worked or hammered or
shaped without breaking

 brittleness –breaking or shattering of a

material when subjected to stress (when
force is applied to it)
 elasticity – the property of a material
that returns to its original shape after
stress (e.g. external forces) that made it
deform or distort is removed

 plasticity- the deformation of a material

undergoing non-reversible changes of
shape in response to applied forces
 toughness – the ability of a material to
absorb energy and plastically deform
without fracturing

 hardness – the property of being rigid

and resistant to pressure; not easily
scratched
 machinability – the property of a
material that can be shaped by
hammering, pressing, rolling
 corrosion resistance - a material's
ability to resist deterioration caused by
exposure to an environment
 Material Properties
aluminium
rubber
ceramics
steel
copper
lead
nylon
cast iron
wood
 Material Properties
aluminium lightness ; strength
rubber elasticity ; insulation
ceramics thermal resistivity
steel strength
copper conductivity ; corrosion resistance
lead high density; ductility
nylon strength ; toughness
cast iron damping capacity
wood insulation ; environmental
friendliness
 Material Application
aluminium
rubber
ceramics
steel
copper
lead
nylon
cast iron
wood
 Material Application
aluminium foil; aircraft; window frame
rubber tyres,; seal; gasket
ceramics furnace; brick
steel section; pipe
copper pipe; cables
lead storage battery; radiation protection
ballast; bullets
nylon rope; clothing
cast iron engine block; valves
wood furniture; deck
gold - 19300 kg/m3
uranium - 19100 kg/m3

lead - 11340 kg/m3

steel - 7800 kg/m3

 Material Tensile Strength UTS (Ultimate Tensile
Strength)
carbon nanotubes 62000 MPa 48000 kNm/kg
(theoretical300000 MPa)

carbon fibre 5650 MPa 3200 kNm/kg

glass fibre 4700 MPa 1340 kNm/kg

spider web 1000 MPa 900 kNm/kg

high-strength steel 1200 MPa 154 kNm/kg

 Material Conductivity
silver 63 x 106 S/m (1/ohm)

copper
59.6 x 106 S/m (1/ohm)
gold
45.2 x 106 S/m (1/ohm)
aluminium
37.8 x 106 S/m (1/ohm)
 Material Specific resistance
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 1020 ohm

glass 1014 ohm

rubber 1013 ohm

Forging - a manufacturing process
where metal is shaped by plastic
deformation under great pressure into
high strength parts.

Casting – pouring or injecting molten

metal into a mold containing a cavity with
the desired shape