THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER

3 Phase Power is More Efficient

Than Single Phase
 Three phase electricity powers large industrial loads
more efficiently than single-phase electricity. When
single-phase electricity is needed, It is available between
any two phases of a three-phase system, or in some
systems , between one of the phases and neutral.
 By the use of three conductors a 3 phase system can
provide 173% more power than the two conductors of a
single-phase system.
 Three-phase power allows heavy duty industrial
equipment to operate more smoothly and efficiently.
 3 phase power can be transmitted over long distances
with smaller conductor size.
 Transfer of 3 Phase Power

 Using bank of 3 Single phase transformers

 Costly
 Requires large space

 Using 1 Three-Phase Transformer

 Economical
 Less weight
 Construction of Transformer

 Core Type
 Concentric windings are used

 Shell Type
 Sandwich windings are used
Core Type Single Phase Transformer
Shell Type Single Phase Transformer
Core Type Three Phase Shell Type Three Phase Transformer
Transformer
View of Three Phase Transformer
Three-Phase Transformer Connections:

1) Delta to Delta – used for industrial applications

2) Delta to Wye – used most commonly;
commercial and industrial
3) Wye to Delta – used for high voltage
transmissions
4) Wye to Wye – used rarely, causes harmonics
and balancing problems.
5) Open delta- Open delta – not used
Delta Connection
Star Connection
Open Delta
 Nameplate Rating of Transformer
 Service
 Number of phases
 Frequency
 Type of cooling
 Rating
 Ratio
 Impedance
 Duty
 Overload rating
 Maximum temperature rise
 Vector Group
 Tap changer
 HV, LV & Neutral Bushings  
 Minimum Clearance (mm) in AIR
 Size and weight
 Type of insulation used
 Vector Group
 Provides a simple way of indicating the internal connections of a
transformer,
 Indicated by a code consisting of two or three letters, followed by
one or two digits.
 Delta winding: D, d
 Wye winding: Y, y
 Zigzag winding: Z, z
 The digits following the letter codes indicate the difference in phase angle
between the windings, with HV winding is taken as a reference. The number is in
units of 30 degrees. Phase rotation is always anti-clockwise.
 For example, a transformer with a vector group of Dy1 has a delta-
connected HV winding and a wye-connected LV winding. The phase
angle of the LV winding lags the HV by 30 degrees.
 Standard Rating of Power
Transformer in MVA

 11/3.3 kV Transformers
• 3.15, 4, 5 and 6.3

 11/6.6 kV Transformers
• 3.15 and 4

 33/11 kV Transformers
• 1.0, 1.6, 3.15, 4.0, 5.0, 6.3 and 10.0

 66/11 kV Transformers
• 6.3, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 and 20.0
 Standard Rating of Distribution
Transformer in kVA

 11/0.433 kV Transformers
• 160, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800,
1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500 and 3000

 33/0.433 kV Transformers
• 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250,
1600, 2000, 2500 and 3000
 Autotransformer

 Sometimes called autoformer

 An electrical transformer with only one winding. The
winding has at least three electrical connection points
called taps.
 One tap at the end of the winding is a common
connection to both circuits (source and load).
 A portion of the same winding acts as part of both the
primary and secondary winding
Autotransformer
Applications of Autotransformer

 Frequently used in power applications to interconnect

systems operating at different voltage classes, for
example 138 kV to 66 kV for transmission.
 On long rural power distribution lines, special
autotransformers with automatic tap-changing
equipment are inserted as voltage regulators, so that
customers at the far end of the line receive the same
average voltage as those closer to the source.
 In Labs to provide variable supply to various
instruments/devices
 Other type of Transformers
 Three winding Transformer
 Instrument Transformer
• Current Transformer
• Voltage Transformer
 Instrument Transformers
 Used extensively for measurement and
monitoring.
 Protection devices and revenue metering
may use separate CTs & PTs.
 Safely isolates measurement and control
circuitry from the high voltages typically
present on the circuit being measured.