TILTING TRAIN

PRESENTED BY:
GUIDED BY :
VIJU.S.K
SHEEBA M7A
7353
 OVERVIEW
 INTRODUCTION
 HIGH SPEED TRAINS
 PROBLEMS WITH CORNERS
 PROBLEMS WITH EXISTING TRACKS
 MOTION SICKNESS
 BANKING OF CURVES
 WHY NOT JUST TILT THE TRACK
 WHAT IS TILTING
 TILTING MECHANISMS
 CONTROL SYSTEMS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION
Tilting train is a train with tilting mechanism. In
tilting trains passenger compartment can be tilted sideways to
avoid effect of centrifugal force when it takes a corner at a high
speed.

Three types of tilting mechanisms are

 Active Mechanism
Passive Mechanism
Semi- passive Mechanism
 HIGH SPEED TRAINS
The growth of automobiles has lead to grid

locked roads and increase in pollution . This has brought

trains into the fore front as a cheap and fast means to

transport . So railway agencies are trying to use high

speed trains which travel at 250-300 km/hr.

PROBLEMS WITH CORNERS
Normally force acting is
weight only.

When going round a

corner, resultant of weight
and centrifugal force is
considered.
When taking a corner
vehicle will experience
centrifugal force,

F = m v /r 2
m = mass
v=velocity
r=radius of curvature
PROBLEMS WITH EXISTING TRACKS

They contain several twists and turns.

Effect of centrifugal force will be more.

Acceleration and deceleration have limits.

 MOTION SICKNESS
This is a condition in which the fluid in semicircular
canal of inner ear is agitated.

This causes mismatch between the visually perceived

lack of movement and inner ear’s sense of actual
movement.
 BANKING OF CURVES
When a railway is laid on When a railway is laid on
a curve, the outer rail a curve
will be at a higher level.

The difference in height

is super elevation.

Banking angle is given by

tan A=v2/r g
WHY NOT JUST TILT
TRACKS
A banked up track is meant for a specific speed.

When train is at a different speed, it will cause discomfort.

When a train stops on the curve due to red signal, it will

cause discomfort.
WHAT IS TILTING
 The bogie acts as fulcrum and coaches are free to
tilt to either sides.

 Tilting is done by pistons.

 Pistons are controlled by a computer which will check

for horizontality and it determines the tilt angle.
 TILTING MECHANISMS
 PASSIVE TILTING

 Simplest way of tilting.

 Done by suspending the superstructure in points

higher than its C.G.

 It’s not easy in real case.

 Can’t tilt through large angles.

 ADVANTAGES

 Low maintenance cost.

 No power is required.

 Does not require any on track infrastructure.

 ACTIVE TILTING

Superstructure of the car floats over the bogies on

hydraulic dampers with levers.

The resultant forces are determined by the computer

and it activates the tilting mechanism.

 High tilt angles ( around 200 ) is possible.

o FLUID ACTUATED

 Consists of cylinders placed in connection to the

bogies and a hydraulic power pack with motor , pump,
valve , etc.

o ELECTRICALLY ACTUATED

 Consists of actuators placed under the body and

an electric power pack .
 Storage space for fluid can be saved .
 DISADVANTAGES

 Requires large amount of power.

 High maintenance cost.

 Control system is complicated.

 SEMI PASSIVE TILTING

Tilting is initiated , stabilised and finalised by an

active system , yet the actual tilt angle is determined
by the freely suspended cab.

It’s not commonly used.

COMPARISON OF ACTUATORS
PROPERTY PNEUMATIC HYDRAULIC ELECTRO-
MECHANICAL
Response Worse Reference Equal

Safety Worse Reference Worse

Mass Equal Reference Better

Size Equal Reference Better

Cost Better Reference Worse

Maintenance Better Reference Better

 CONTROL SYSTEM
The main parts are

Sensor

Controller

Actuator
TILT CONTROL
TILTING TRAINS IN USE
 CONCLUSION
Car body tilting has become a mature and accepted technology in
current scenario.

15 – 20 % of travelling time is reduced due to their increased speed

in curves.

Reduction in motion sickness may be important for the

competitiveness of tilting trains.

The slight increase in cost will be compensated by the reduction in

travelling time and motion sickness.
 REFERENCES
 Railway Systems and Rail Vehicles: Andersson E & Berg M
 High Speed Rail System : Bles W & Bose J E
 Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit
 www.asme.org
 www.railway_technology.com
 www.howstuffworks.com
THANK YOU