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Beams Krone
Beams Krone
Beams Krone
Maximum bending
moment is reached
at extreme fibers
first, where the
stress reaches the
yield stress limit.
The Moment - Curvature (M-f) response With
Increasing Moment
My is the yield and Mp is the plastic moment
capacity of the cross-section.
The ratio Mp to My is the shape factor f.
For a rectangular section, f is equal to 1.5.
For a wide-flange section, f is equal to 1.1.
Developing the Plastic Moment
LRFD Raised the ASD Limit State
Columns’ Slenderness Ratio
Controls the Critical Buckling Stress
Lateral Torsional Buckling Behavior
Compression flange
begins to buckle out
of plane.
Bracing on the
compression flange
makes it more
difficult to fail.
Methods of Bracing Compression Flange
Beam and Column Similarities
• The design of the beam is usually based on
the compression flange.
AISC F2-3
Mn = Fcr Sx <= Mp
Plastic
Inelastic
Buckling Elastic
Buckling
AISC
M F2-3
n = Fcr Sx <= Mp
Plastic Section Modulus
y
F yA1 yA2 0
Plastic centroid. A1 y1 yA1
A1 A2 A / 2
A2 y2
yA2 A
M y (y1 y2 )
2
y Where, y1 centroid of A1
y2 centroid of A2
Mp, Plastic Moment and
Plastic Section Modulus
W Shapes – Braced => Mp
Mp, Plastic Moment
Vn = 0.6FyAwCv
= 0.6 (50ksi)(0.25x15.7)(1.0)
= 118 kips > 21.3 kips
– Unbraced length, Lb
– L = distance between points which are
b
either braced against lateral displacement
of compression flange or braced against
twist of the cross section
– Lp : Limiting Lb for full plastic bending capacity
– Lr : Limiting Lb for inelastic LTB
AISC F2-3
Mn = Fcr Sx <= Mp
Mr
Lp Lb Lr
Lateral Torsional Buckling:
L p L b Lr
AISC F2-2
AISC F2-3
Lateral Torsional Buckling: Lb > Lr
AISC F2-1
AISC F2-2
AISC F2-3
Mn = Fcr Sx <= Mp
Plastic
Inelastic
Buckling Elastic
Buckling
• AISC
Table 3-1
Example
D = Wl3/384 EI
D = (4.92 klf x 24ft)(24 x 12) 3/384(29,000 ksi)(954 in4)
D = 0.27in
Dallow = L /360 = 24 x 12/ 360 = 0.8 in.
OK
Summary LRFD Beam Design
1. Determine the location and magnitude of
the loads and draw a load diagram.
AISC F2-3
Mn = Fcr Sx <= Mp
fv = 0.9