NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST

ING
 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
• Non destructive testing(NDT) is one of th
e important methods used for evolution a
nd quality control of metal components
• During testing, the metal component does
not get damaged
• These tests are used to locate or find out t
he defects or flaws in the component
 ADVANTAGES OF NDT
• The equipments are easy to handle
• Defects can be detected without damaging the co
mponents
• Methods are quick and accurate
• Components can be sorted out on the basis of elec
trical, magnetic or chemical properties
• Test results and other information can be convenie
ntly recorded on paper films, cassettes and floppie
s
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DESTRUCTIVE
AND NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST
NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST DESTRUCTIVE TEST
Used for finding out defects of mate Used for finding out the properties o
rials f the material
Load is not applied on the material Load is applied on the material

No load applications, so no chance f Due to load application, material get

or material damage s damaged
No requirement of special equipmen Special equipments are required
ts
Non expensive Expensive
Less skill Skill is required
e.g: dye penetrate test, ultrasonic, ra e.g: tensile test, compression test, ha
diography, etc rdness test, etc
BASIC ELEMENTS OF NDT METHOD
• SOURCE
• MODIFICATION
• DETECTION
• INDICATION
• INTERPRETATION
 METHODS OF NDT

• Dye Penetrant Testing (DPT)

• Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT)
• Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
 DYE PENETRANT TEST
• Used for detect the surface cracks or defects
• One of the most widely used NDT methods
• Used to inspect almost any material provide
d that its surface is not extremely rough
• It is used for surface detection of forging, ca
sting, weld elements
 PROCESS FOR DPT
• CLEANING
• DRYING OF SU
RFACE
• APPLICATION
OF PENETRAT
E
• REMOVAL OF
EXCESS OF PE
NETRATE
• APPLICATION
OF DEVELOPE
R
 ADVANTAGES OF DPT
• This method has high sensitivity to small surface
discontinuities.
• Large areas and large volumes of parts/materials
can be inspected rapidly and at low cost
• Indications are produced directly on the surface o
f the part and constitute a visual representation of
the flaw
• Aerosol spray can make penetrant materials very
portable
• Penetrant materials and associated equipments are
relatively in expensive.
 LIMITATIONS OF DPT
• Only surface breaking defects can be detected
• The inspector must have direct access to the su
rface being inspected
• Surface finish and roughness can affect inspect
ion sensitivity
• Post cleaning of acceptable parts or materials i
s required
• Chemical handling and proper disposal is requi
red.
 MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING
• This method is suitable for the detection of
surface and near surface discontinuities in
magnetic material , mainly ferrite steel and i
ron
• METHODS OF MPT
• Dry method
• Wet method
 PRINCIPLE OF MPT
• In the first figure the magnetized metal has no crack and there
only two poles that is north pole and south pole.
• And in second figure the magnetized metal has a crack and at t
he crack point there creates another north and south pole for th
e magnetic flux leakage.
 MPT IN GAS PIPE WELDING

Particles make a cluster at the welding joint for magnetic flux

leakage because of welding defects.
 ADVANTAGES OF MPT
• Principally and relatively simple method
• Economical and easy to perform
• Portable for field testing
• Fast for production testing
• Reveal or disclose small surface flaws or cr
acks which may be tight
 LIMITATIONS OF MPT
• Material must be ferromagnetic
• Orientation and strength of magnetic field is
critical
• Detects surface and near-to-surface disconti
nuities only
• Large currents are required
 ULTRASONIC TESTING
• A typical UT system consists of several functional units, such as t
he pulser/receiver, piezoelectric transducer, and display devices.
• A pulser/receiver is an electronic device that can produce high v
oltage electrical pulses.
• Driven by the pulser, the transducer generates high frequency ult
rasonic energy.
• The sound energy is introduced and propagates through the mater
ials in the form of waves.
• When there is a discontinuity (such as a crack) in the wave path,
part of the energy will be reflected back from the flaw surface.
• The reflected wave signal is transformed into an electrical signal
by the piezo electrical transducer and is displayed on a screen.
ADVANTAGES OF ULTRASONIC TEST
ING
• Thickness and lengths up to 30 ft can be test
ed
• Position, size and type of defect can be dete
rmined
• Instant test results
• Portable
• Capable of being fully automated
• Access to only one side necessary
LIMITATIONS OF ULTRASONIC T
ESTING

• The operator can decide whether the test pie

ce is defective or not while the test is in pro
gress.
• Considerable degree of skill necessary to ob
tain the fullest information from the test.
• Very thin sections can prove difficult.
ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT
 Ultrasonic
testing

Radiography
testing
 CONCLUSION
• NDT is a new technology and system for indus
trial inspection and testing
• Many developed countries uses this technolog
y because of its huge benefits
• Modern NDT methods will become just as an i
mportant tool for risk based inspection approac
hes and maintenance planning
• For this purpose every industry should have a
NDT division with NDT personnel