CELLULAR GENETICS

AND CONTROL SYSTEMS

Pitpit, Rachelle Joy C.
ChE-5201
 DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid)
A very long double
helix consisting of two
chains.

Each chain is a
polymer constructed
from four nucleotides:
adenine (A), Guanine
(G), cytosine (C) and
thymine (T).
 RNA
(Ribonucleic acid)
A polymeric molecule essential
in various biological roles
in coding, decoding,regulation,
and expression of genes

More often found in nature as

a single-strand folded onto
itself.
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA)
• It is synthesized using a DNA strand as a
template
• In order to achieve this, the DNA double helix
unwinds as a result of attachment of RNA
polymerase, a complex oligomeric enzyme
containing five different peptide chains

MOLECULAR GENETICS
 Transfer RNA(tRNA)

Carries the amino acid to the

ribosome to make protein.
There are also specific tRNA
for each codon and amino
acid.

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At the base of the lower loop
of the tRNA molecule is a
sequence of three
nucleotides called an
ANTICODON.

This anticodon base

sequence is complementary
to a three nucleotide
segment of mRNA known as
CODON.
 Ribosomal ribonucleic
acid (rRNA)

The RNA component of the ribosome is

essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms.

It constitutes the predominant material within

the ribosome, which is approximately 60% rRNA and
40% protein by weight.

MOLECULAR GENETICS
How are
proteins
made?
MOLECULAR GENETICS
 GENETIC CODE

It is a non overlapping sequence, with

each amino acid plus polypeptide
initiation and termination specified by
RNA codons composed of three
nucleotides.

MOLECULAR GENETICS