Pulp

Manufacture
ARNEDO, MICHAELLE ANGELA P.
GULTIANO, CHRISNA MEA T.
1
Paper

Raw Materials:

Pulp  Forest Fiber

 Recovered Fiber
What is Pulp?
Pulp is a lignocellulosic fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically
separating cellulose fibres from wood, fiber crops or waste paper.
Discussion of Process
 Mechanical Pulping

Chemi-mechanical Pulping
Categories of
Pulping Process Semi-chemical Pulping

Chemical Pulping
 Stone Groundwood Pulping (SGW)
Pressure Groundwood Pulping (PGW)
Mechanical Pulping Refiner Mechanical Pulping (RMP)
Thermomechanical Pulping (TMP)
Stone Groundwood
Pulping (SGW)
The debarked logs are pressed against a rotating
grindstone, which separates the individual fibres
through a shearing action.

The process gives a high yield, but the fibers

produced can be very short and often must be
combined with expensive chemical fibers to be
strong enough to pass through the paper machine
Refiner Mechanical
Pulping (RMP)
Refiner Mechanical Pulping sandwiches wood chips
between two revolving disks. Heat due to friction
softens the lignin and allows greater separation of
the cellulose fibers, while contributing less fiber
damage.

RMP has greater strength than traditional

groundwood, which reduces the need to
supplement it with chemical pulps.
Thermomechanical
Pulping
Like refiner mechanical pulping, TMP
sandwiches wood chips between the two
rotating disks of a disk refiner, but under
higher temperature and pressure.

TMP pulp is stronger than refiner

mechanical pulp, and still retains the
high-yield and cost-effectiveness of
mechanical pulps.
 Chemimechanical processes involve
mechanical abrasion and the use of
chemicals
In order to reduce energy consumption
and improve pulp quality in mechanical
pulping, chemical treatments of various
Chemimechanical types may be employed.
Pulping (CMP)
Common type of CMP:
Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulping
(APMP)
 Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulping
(APMP)
APMP pulping offers various advantages: good pulp quality,
elimination of the need for a bleach plant an energy savings

Brightens the chips to the required brightness levels suitable

for writing and printing papers as well as the middle layer of
white paperboard.

APMP has also shown success with non-wood species

Discussion of
Machineries
Debarker
A debarker is a machine used to strip or
remove bark from logs before processing.

One of the primary reasons for debarking

is to minimize the amount of fibre loss
from logs.
Chipper
A woodchipper is a machine used for
reducing wood to smaller pieces.

Wood chips used for chemical pulp must

be relatively uniform in size and free of
bark. The optimum size varies with the
wood species.
Digester
Its purpose is to cook small wood chips for
several hours in order to soften them.

The digester itself can be horizontal, upright,

revolving, spherical, or cylindrical.
Washer
Normally a pulp mill has 3-5 washing stages in
series.

Pulp washers use counter current flow between

the stages such that the pulp moves in the
opposite direction to the flow of washing
waters
Bleach Tower
Used to whiten pulp through three to
five stages of bleaching and water
washing and to remove lignins.

Uses chemicals such as: chlorine dioxide,

hydrogen peroxide, alkaline peroxide
Screen
To remove undesirable products (foreign matter
and dirt) as like pieces of bark, digester brick,
cement etc. and ensures uniform suspension of
fibres.
There are two categories: coarse screens and fine
screens.
These screening equipment works basis on
vibrating, shaking, gravity centrifugal and
centripetal forces.
Pulper
Paper pulper is used for crushing virgin pulp (slabs or
sheets), wastepaper processing, machine broke,
deinking and pulp purification. It disintegrates the fiber
by the action of mechanical operation.

There are different types of paper pulper for example

Hydrapulper, Drum Hydrapulper, Broke Pulper.
De-inker (Froth Flotation)
The collector has affinity both to the ink particles
and air bubbles, causing them to attach. The air
bubbles lift the ink to the surface and form a thick
froth that can be removed.

Normally the setup is a two stage system with 3, 4

or 5 flotation cells in series.

Flotation deinking is very effective in removing ink

particles larger than about 10 µm.