Presenting a power point

presentation on introduction and

classifications of boilers

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 A closed fuel-burning apparatus
or container for heating water

Boiler it’s a device in which steam is used for

driving prime movers like steam turbines or
industrial purpose like heating process.

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According to Indian boiler regulations ,boiler is
a closed pressure vessel in which steam is
generated with capacity exceeding 25 liters,
estimate pressure greater than or equal to

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1Kg/cm (sq.),and water is heated at 100 degree
Celsius or above.

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For generating power in steam
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engines or steam turbines

In textile industries for sizing

and bleaching

For heating the buildings in

cold weather and for producing
hot water for hot water supply.
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 According to position of water and hot gases:
(A) fire tube boilers
(B)water tube boilers
According to location of furnace:
(A) externally fired boilers
(B)internally fired boilers

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According to method of water circulation:

(A) Naturally circulation boilers

(B) forced circulation boilers

According to working pressure:

(A) high pressure boilers

(B) medium pressure boilers

(C) low pressure boilers

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According to mobility :

(A)staionary boilers

(B)mobile boilers

According to tubes:

(A) single tube boilers

(B) multi tube boilers

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Further …..there are three types of boilers…..

Lancashire boiler

Locomotive boiler
(SIMPLE BOILER)

Cochran boiler

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 Locomotive boiler
(SIMPLE BOILER)

Main characteristics of
this boiler:

Portable

Natural circulated and

low pressure boiler

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Construction of 1/22/2018

locomotive boiler

As all you can see locomotive boilers

construction

Its vertical

Fire box at bottom

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Working of 1/22/2018

locomotive boiler

Fuel is place on the grate where it is burned to produce the hot gases.

Fire hole is used to feed the fuel.

Hot gases which are produce as a result of fuel burning are diverted into fire tube with the help of fire
brick arch.

Steam produce is collected is the steam drum place at the top of the shell.

As shown the wet steam goes through inlet headers of super heater and after passing through
tubes, it returns to the outlet header of super heater and is taken out for steam engine.

For the cleaning and maintenance of the complete boiler a door is provided at the side of the
smoke box.

Chimney is completely eliminated in locomotive boilers because they are always in motion
 Lancashire boiler

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Main characteristics of this
boiler:

Horizontal

Stationary

Natural circulation of hot gases

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 construction

Cylindrical
shell

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Working 18

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In Lancashire Boiler first coal is fed on the grate where combustion of coal
takes place.

The Flue gases pass through the internal flue tubes and then pass downwards.

The flue gases travels through the bottom flue to the front of the boiler.

Then they are split up into two steams and flow through the side flues to the
rear end of the boiler.

Flue gases then pass through the dampers into the main flue and are finally
discharged through the chimney into the atmosphere.

The heat of flue gases is transferred to the water to generate steam.

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 Cochran boiler

Main characteristics of this boiler:

Vertical

Fire tubes

Naturally circulated fire

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working

Coal is fed into the grate through the fire hole and burnt.

Ash formed during burning is collected in the ash pit provided just below the grate and then it is removed
manually.

The host gases from the grate pass through the flue pipe to the combustion chamber.

The hot gases from the combustion chamber flow through the horizontal fire tubes and transfer the heat to the
water by convection.

The flue gases coming out of fire tubes pass through the smoke box and are exhausted to the atmosphere
through the chimney.

Smoke box is provided with a door for cleaning the fire tubes and smoke box.
 Babcock and Wilcox
boiler

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 Main characteristics of this boiler

 Steam and water drum (boiler shell)

Water tubes

Furnace

Mud box:
Inspection doors: 22
Working Babcock and Wilcox Boiler:

The hot flue gases rise upward and pass across the left-side portion
of the water tubes.

The baffles deflect the flue gases and hence the flue gases travel in the
zigzag manner (i.e., the hot gases are deflected by the baffles to move
in the upward direction, then downward and again in the upward
direction) over the water tubes and along the superheated.

The flue gases finally escape to atmosphere through chimney.

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 Accessories
of boilers

It is used to feed the

water at a high pressure
Feed Water Pump: against the high pressure
of steam already existing
inside the boiler.

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 Steam
Injector:
A steam injector lifts and forces
the feed water into the boiler. It is
usually used for vertical and
locomotive boilers and can be
accommodated in small space. It
is less costly. It does not have any
moving parts thus operation is
salient.

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Economizer: An economizer is a heat
exchanger, used for heating the feed
water before it enters the boiler. The
economizer recovers some of waste
heat of hot flue gases going to
chimney. It helps in improving the
boiler efficiency. It is placed in the
path of flue gases at the rear end of
the boiler just before air pre-heater.

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 Air Pre-heater :
 The function of an air pre-heater is similar to
that of an economizer. It recovers some portion of
the waste heat of hot flue gases going to chimney,
and transfers same to the fresh air before it
enters the combustion chamber. Due to
preheating of air, the furnace temperature
increases. It results in rapid combustion of fuel
with less soot, smoke and ash. The high furnace
temperature can permit low grade fuel with less
atmospheric pollution. The air pre-heater is
placed between economizer and chimney. 27
 It is a heat exchanger in which heat of
combustion products is used to dry the
wet steam, pressure remains constant, its
volume and temperature increase.
Super heater: Basically, a super heater consists of a set
of small diameter U tubes in which steam
flows and takes up the heat from hot flue
gases.

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