PRACTICES INVOLVING

MISREPRESENTATION
DIRECT MISREPRESENTATION
1. DECEPTIVE PACKAGING
A. The practice of placing products the product in the
containers of exaggerated sizes and misleading
shapes to give a false impression of its actual contents
TWO TYPES:
a. Slack fill packaging- where containers like
cartons, tin cans and certain plastics are only filled up
to fifty to seventy percent of capacity.
b. Excess package cushioning where a larger
container is used than what is needed to protect the
contents
• Introducing a new package of the same size and

price as the old one but has the label of “NEW”

• The practice of competing manufacturers to use the

same size packages containing varying

manufacturers to use the same different systems of
measurement
• The use of misleading designations such as the
number of servings to indicate the volume content of
the pack
• The use of bigger size packages such as “family”,
“supersize”, “jumbo”
2. ADULTERATION- unethical practice of debasing a
pure or genuine commodity by imitating or
counterfeiting it, by adding something to increase its
bulk or volume, or by substituting an inferior product
for a superior one for the purpose of profit and
gain.
3. MISBRANDING OR MISLABELLING
• Misrepresenting the quality of the goods by

labelling inferior products as if they are products of

superior quality.
• Placing cosmetics of inferior kind in containers of

well known brands.

• Changing the quality or quantity of a product but
not changing the label to conform with the changes
made.
• The number of pieces appearing in the label is
different from its actual contents
4. Shortweighing
5. Shortmeasuring
6. Shortchanging
7. False or Misleading Advertisement

a. Advertisements with statements or pictures that convey

exaggerated impressions of the product’s reliability.
b. Advertisement that are only half-truths and lead
consumers to think that the product is of good quality.
c. Advertisements that are deliberate misrepresentation
d. Advertisements using fictitious or obsolete testimonials