Chapter 12

Riveted, Bolted &

Welded Connections

1
 Riveted, bolted and welded connections

Ordinary bolt (or rivet)

Bearing type connections

Friction type connections High strength bolt

2
Lab joints (ต่อทาบ)

main plate
Butt joints (ต่อชน) cover plate

3
 Repeating
Boiler joints (pressure joints) group

Repeating
in calculation: Dbolt Dhole group
outer Inner
cover cover
plate plate
Structural joints

in calculation:
1 
Dhole  Dbolt  (or 1.5 mm)
16
4
Multiple rows

5
 long pitch
intermediate
pitch
back pitch
short
pitch

diagonal
pitch

6
Efficiency:
compares the strength of the joint with that of solids plates

P0 P0
ประสิทธิภาพของ
้ วนทีไม่
ถ ้าชินส่ ่ มรี อยต่อร ับ
รอยต่อหมายถึง:
P1 แรงได ้ไม่เกิน P0 P1
รอยต่ อร ับแรงดึ
Efficiency = P /Pงได ้
1 0

้ วนทีมี
และชินส่ ่ รอยต่อ เป็ นกี่ % ของกาลัง
้ ่ 7
 t
(1) Shearing (at connector)

(2) Tearing (of plate) st

8
(3) Bearing (of plate) sb

(4) Unlikely to occur

if the distance from the edge

of the plate to the connector is
large enough (1.75-2 times
the diameter of the connector)

9
 3.25

in calculation: Drivet Dhole  11/16 in.

(1) Rivet capacity (shearing of rivet and bearing failure)

d2
Shearing: Ps  Ast  2( )t
4

2 (11/16) 2  8800
4
 6533.5 lb. 10
(1) Rivet capacity (shearing of rivet and bearing failure) (cont’) sb = 19 ksi

bearing: Pb  Abs b  2(td )s t

7 11
 2(  ) 19000
16 16
 11429.7 lb.

(2) Tearing capacity (tension failure of plate) st = 11 ksi

Pt tearing:

3.25 Pt  Ats t
11 7
 (3.25  )  11000
16 16
 12332 lb.
3.25 Hence the strength of
the repeating section is
” 6533.5 lb per 3.25 in. 11
 6533.5
  0.418  41.8 %
3.25  (7 /16) 11000

Internal pressure
Ps  6533.5 lb. per 3.25

 D2 6533.56 lb
p   D
4 3.25
 D2
F p
4  (15 12)2 6533.56
p   (15 12) 
4 3.25

p  134 psi.
12
(1) Preliminary calculation:
load that can transmitted by one rivet (shear or bearing)

(2) Possible method of failure

13
14
 300
d = 20.5 mm t  60 MPa
5
650
sb   130 MPa
5
400
st   80 MPa
5

15
Row 1 (has 1-rivet)
single shear
P-19.8 kN main plate

cover plate
19.8 kN

19.8 kN
16
Row 1 (has 1-rivet)
main plate
crash in the main plate
37.3 kN cover plate
P P-37.3 kN

37.3 kN

37.3 kN

main plate
crash in the cover plate
P 26.7 kN P-26.7 kN cover plate

26.7 kN Hence strength of

row-1 is 19.8 kN
26.7 kN
17
Row 2 (has 2-rivets)
double shear
39.6 kN

2 x 19.8 kN Shear strength

at row-2 is
2  39.6  79.2 kN
2 x 19.8 kN
P-99 kN
2 x 19.8 kN
19.8 kN

19.8 kN 2 x 19.8 kN

59.4 kN
18
Row 2 (has 2-rivets)

crushing at main plate 37.3 kN One possible

37.3 kN bearing strength
at row-2 is
2 x 37.3 kN
2  37.3  74.6 kN
P-94.4 kN

19.8 kN
37.3 kN
57.1 kN
One possible
bearing strength
crushing at cover plate 53.4 kN
at row-2 is
2 x 26.7 kN
4  26.7  106.8 kN
4 x 26.7 kN
P-126.6 kN
Hence
19.8 kN strength of
2 x 26.7 kN row 2 is
73.2 kN 74.6 kN
19
Row 3 (has 2-rivets)
double shear

2 x 19.8 kN

2 x 19.8 kN

crushing at main plate crushing at cover plate

Hence
strength of
37.3 kN 2 x 26.7 kN row 3 is also
2 x 37.3 kN 4 x 26.7 kN 74.6 kN

37.3 kN 2 x 26.7 kN

20
Total rivet capacity

74.6 kN 74.6 kN
19.8 kN

21
Tearing at row 1
of main plate Tearing at row 2
of main plate 22
Tearing capacity of main plate
Row 2
Row 1 Row 3 s t  80 MPa
t  14 mm
p  180 mm
74.6 kN 74.6 kN
19.8 kN d  20.5 mm

P1 main plate st P1  ( p  d )ts t

p  180 mm  (180  20.5) 14  80
 178.6 kN

main plate s t  80 MPa P2  ( p  2d )ts t  19.8 kN

P2
 175.5 kN
19.8 kN

s t  80 MPa
main plate 37.3 kN
P3 P3  ( p  2d )ts t  19.8  74.6 kN
37.3 kN  250.1 kN
19.8 kN
23
Tearing capacity of cover plate

Row 1 Row 2 Row 3

19.8 kN
P

24
 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3

19.8 kN
P

outer cover plate 9.9 kN

19.8 kN
79.2 kN
19.8 kN
19.8 kN
9.9 kN
Pc  79.2  111.2
inner cover plate  190.4 kN
s t  80 MPa
p  180 mm
P  s t t ( p  2d )
 80 10  (180  2  20.5)
t  10 mm
 111.2 kN
d  20.5 mm
25
Rivets failure: 169.0 kN
Tearing of main plate: 175.5 kN
Tearing of cover plate: 190.4 kN

26
12-5 STRESSES IN BEARING-TYPE CONNECTIONS

Assume each rivet carries a load proportional to its resisting shear area

Totally 9 shear areas:

1
1/2 2

2 the average load

2 transmitted by 1 shear
1/2
area is P  36 / 9  4 kips
s
1

27
 Ps 4
the average shearing stress is t  =5.80 ksi
d /4
2
 15
( )2
4 16
Row2 Row3
Row1
 15 
 d  in 
 16 

3/ 8 in
1/ 2 in 4 kips
4 kips 1/ 2 in
3/ 8 in 4 kips
3/ 8 in
the maximum average bearing stress is
P 8
sb  b  =17.07 ksi
td 1 (15 )
2 16 28
main plate (Row 1)

36 kips 36
st   10.2 ksi
(8  16 ) 2
15 1

main plate (Row 2)

36 kips 2 kips
36  4
st 
(8  2  16
15 1
)2
2 kips
 10.45 ksi

main plate (Row 3)

2 kips 8 kips 36  20
36 kips st 
(8  2  16
15 1
)2
8 kips
2 kips  5.23 ksi
29
Upper cover plate
4 kips 2 kips
16 kips
4 kips
4 kips
2 kips

Lower cover plate

2 kips
4 kips 2 kips 20 kips
4 kips
4 kips
2 kips 2 kips

30
Lower cover plate

2 kips
4 kips 2 kips 20 kips
4 kips
4 kips
2 kips 2 kips

31
32
Lab joints (ต่อทาบ) Butt joints (ต่อชน)

33
 shearing capacity of 1-rivet
Ps  t ( d 2 / 4)
 95( 192 / 4) N
 26.935 kN
bearing capacity of 1-rivet
dhole  drivet  1.5 mm  20.5 mm Pb  s b (td )
Row1  220(8 19) N

P1
upper plate st  33.44 kN
L  250 mm Total rivets capacity

Privet  9  26.935 kN
P1  s t t ( L  dhole )  242.42 kN

 140  8  (250  20.5) N  257 kN 34

 Hence the joint
capacity is 242.42 kN

Efficiency =
242.42 kN
 86.6%
140  8  250 N
dhole  drivet  1.5 mm
Row2
upper plate st P2  26.94 kN  s t t ( L  2dhole )
P2
L  250 mm  140  8(250  2  20.5) N
26.94 kN

P2  261 kN
Row3
st
26.94 kN P3  3  26.94 kN  s t t ( L  3d hole )
P3 26.94 kN
 140  8(250  3  20.5) N

26.94 kN P3  291.9 kN 35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
 28.8
Pdx   2.4 kips
12
(-4.5,4) (-1.5,4) (1.5,4) (4.5,4)
38.4
Pdy   3.2 kips
12

(-4.5,0) (-1.5,0) (1.5,0) (4.5,0)

(-4.5,-4) (-1.5,-4) (1.5,-4) (4.5,-4)

Twisting moment
T  38.4  4.5 kips.in
 172.8 kips.in

43
44
45
ให ้นิ สต
ิ พยายามทาโจทย ์
46
47
สาหร ับรอยต่อแบบ friction type ให ้คิดแบบเดียวกับ
รอยต่อแบบ bearing type ยกเว ้นไม่ต ้องคานวณค่า
หน่ วยแรงแบกทาน (Bearing stress) ทีเกิ ้
่ ดขึนระหว่
าง bolt 48
49
Butt Weld ( ่
เชือมแบบต่
อ
ชน)

strength of butt weld 

allowable stress  lenght of weld  thickness of the thinner plate

allowable stress  allowable stress of base metal

50
 ่
เชือม
Fillet Weld (
แบบพอก) t
45O

throat  t sin 45O  0.707t

base on AISC, for E70 electrodes, A36 steel t allow  21 ksi 51

52
 3 1  5 
t  
8 16 16
3/8
E70:t  21 ksi

q  14.9t kips/in.
 4.66 kips/in.

Ans
53
Ans

54
55
56
 Torsional couple:

Centroid:

Polar moment of inertia:

57
58
59
60
61