VIETNAM OIL AND GAS GROUP

PETROVIETNAM UNIVERSITY

Seminar
PRODUCTION OF ANILINE

Instructor Group 10
PhD. Dung Hoang Anh Viet Thang Nguyen Ngoc Cao
Thanh Vu Dat
 Contents

Introduction
• Physical and Chemical Properties
• Uses and Market Analysis

Manufacturing
Processes • 4 Manufacturing Processes

Calculate and
• Mass Balance
Analyze • Energy Balance
• Plant Layout and Location

Conclusion
Group 10 Aniline 2
 Introduction
Physical Properties:

• Aniline is colourless
• Slowly oxidizes and resinifies in
air, giving a red-brown tint to
aged samples

Group 10 Aniline 3
 Introduction
Chemical Properties
1. Base

• Similar to Amoniac, Aniline is a base, react with Acid

• However, Aniline is weaker bases than Amoniac because of phenyl-

2. React with Brom

Group 10 Aniline 4
 Introduction
Uses
• Aniline, an organic base used to make dyes, drugs, explosives, plastics, and
photographic and rubber chemicals.

Market Analysis
• Western Europe: 1.32m tons/year
• US: 1.19m tons/year
• Asia - Pacific: 717,860 tons/year.
• Asia/Middle: 319,190 tons/year
• America: 98,360 tons/year
• Global: 3.95m tons/year.

Group 10 Aniline 5
 Manufacturing Processes

Nitro Chloro
Benzene Benzene

Phenol Benzene

Group 10 Aniline 6
 Manufacturing Processes

Group 10 Aniline 7
 Calculate and Analyze
Basis:

Production of Aniline (99.5% purity) is 200000 tons/year.

Assumptions:
• No of plant working days: 300 days
• 100% conversion of Nitrobenzene
• 200% excess of Hydrogen is used
• Reactants are pure

Group 10 Aniline 8
 Calculate and Analyze

 Average molecular weight = 0.995*93.1262+0.005*18.0152=92.7506

 So, 200000 tons per year = 27777.77778 kg/hr = 299.4889281 kmol/hr

 Based amount of Nitrobenzene required =

297.9914835 * 123.1092,=36685.49314 kg/hr.

 The ratio of Hydrogen to Nitrobenzene is=9:1

Amount of hydrogen required =9*297.9914835 = 2681.923352 kmol/hr
= 5363.846703 kg/hr.

 Hydrogen from recycle = 6*297.9914835 = 1787.948901 kmol/hr

= 3604.147395 kg/hr.

 Fresh feed of Hydrogen= 3*297.9914835 = 893.9744505 kmol/hr

= 1802.073697 kg/hr.

Group 10 Aniline 9
 Material Balance
(Stream 1)
Nitrobenzene from vaporizer in vapor phase = 36685.49314 kg/hr.

(Stream 2)
Fresh hydrogen feed = 1802.073697 kg/hr

(Stream 3)
Make up hydrogen or recycle = 3604.147395 kg/hr
.
(Stream 4)
Total amount hydrogen = 5406.221092 kg/hr

(Stream 5)
Nitrobenzen vapor stream = 36685.49314 kg/hr.
Total hydrogen feed = 5406.221092 kg/hr
Total feed to fluidized bed reactor = 42091.71423 kg/hr

(Stream 6)
Aniline = 27750.81449 kg/hr
Water = 10736.75235 kg/hr
Unreact Hydrogen = 3604.147395 kg/hr.
Group 10 Aniline 10
 Material Balance
Flow IN OUT Flow

Component Stream 1 Stream 4 Stream 6 Component

Nitrobenzen 36685.49314 - - Nitrobenzen

Hydrogen - 5406.221092 3604.147395 Hydrogen

Water - - 10736.75235 Water

Aniline - - 27750.81449 Aniline

Total 36685.49314 5406.221092 42091.71424 Total

Total 42091.71424 42091.71424 Total

Material balance for the Reactor

Group 10 Aniline 11
 Energy Balance

 Specific Heat Capacity

Cp = C1 + C2T + C3T

C1 C2

C6H5NO2 1,44 0

H2 13,727 0,00168

C6H5NH2 1,415.e5 1,712.e2

Group 10 Aniline 12
 Energy Balance
 Specific Heat Capacity Data
Cp

C6H5NO2 1,44 kJ/kg.K

H2 13.727+0.00168T kj/kg.K

C6H5NH2 1.415℮5 + 1.712℮2T j/kmol.K

Water in liquid phase (8.712 +1.25*10-3T -0.18*10-6T2)*R

Water in gas phase (3.470 + 1.45*10-3T+0.121T2)*R

R = 8,314 J/mol. K

Group 10 Aniline 13
 Energy Balance

• Enthalpy associated with Nitrobenzene

484.15 623.15
∆H = 𝑚 ‫׬‬298 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇 + 𝑚∆𝐻 + 𝑚 ‫׬‬484.15 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇
= 18387356.13 kj/hr (∆Hv = 33kj/kg)

• Enthalpy in with Hydrogen

623.15
∆H = 𝑚 ‫׬‬298 13.727 + 0.00168𝑇 𝑑𝑇
= 24611005.53 kj/hr

 Total enthalpy in: 42998361.66 kj/hr

 Heat Generate :
• Heat generated by reaction: 443000 kj/kmol
• So, total heat generate = 443000*297.9914835
= 132010227.2 kj/hr

Group 10 Aniline 14
 Energy Balance
 Heat remove by the coolant
 Heat with Aniline
• Enthalpy of vaporization of Aniline
700
• ∆𝐻𝐴𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝑚 ‫׬‬298 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇 + 𝑚∆𝐻𝑣
= 39319136.82 kj/hr (∆Hv = 42.44 kj/mol)

 Heat with water

• Enthalpy of vaporization of water ∆Hv = 40.68 kj/mol
700 373.15
• ∆𝐻𝐻2𝑂 = 𝑚 ‫׬‬298 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇 + 𝑚∆𝐻𝑣 = 𝑚 ‫׬‬298 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇 +
700
𝑚 ‫׬‬373.15 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇 + 𝑚∆𝐻𝑣 = 34517150.44 kj/hr

 Heat with hydrogen

700
• ∆𝐻𝐻2 = 𝑚 ‫׬‬298 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇
700
= 𝑚න 13.727 + 0.00168𝑇 𝑑𝑇
298
= 21103215.17 kj/hr
 Total enthalpy out due to products = 94939502.43 kj/hr

Group 10 Aniline 15
 Energy Balance
 Total heat remove by coolant
Total heat generate by reaction + total enthalpy in – total enthalpy out = 80069086.42 kj/hr

FLOW IN OUT

Stream 1B Stream 4 Stream 6 Heat Removed

Component
(kj/hr) (kj/hr) (kj/hr) Stream (kj/hr)

Nitrobenzene 18387356.13 - - -

Hydrogen - 24611005.53 21103215.17 -

Water - 34517150.44 -

Aniline - - 39319136.82 -

TOTAL 18387356.13 24611005.53 94939502.43 80069086.42

TOTAL 42998361.66 94939502.43

Group 10 Aniline 16
 Plant Location and Layout

 The road and the rail transport system is easily available.

 Since Nitrobenzene does not occur naturally in the environment. It is

produced industrially by reacting benzene with sulphuric acid, nitric acid
and water. As it is major raw material for production of aniline . So, plant
site should be nearer to a industries which produce nitrobenzene in order to
avail the raw material cheaply.

 Aniline used in a variety of applications; rubber processing chemicals

(9%), herbicides (2%), and dyes and pigments (2%). As additives to
rubber, aniline derivatives. Hence plant should be located to a place where
aniline can be easily consumed.

Group 10 Aniline 17
 Plant Location and Layout

1. Tank Farm
1 2. Plant Area
3. Expansion
4. Plant Utilities
5. Stores
6. Fire Station
7. Canteen
8. Emergency Water
2 9. Laboratory
4 10. Work Shop
3 11. Office

Group 10 Aniline 18
 Conclusion

 The Properties, Uses and World Consumption of Aniline.

 Manufacturing Process for Aniline in the World.

 Analyze and Calculate Material Balance and Energy Balance.

Group 10 Aniline 19
Group 10 Aniline 20