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A Synopsis of The Journal Article
A Synopsis of The Journal Article
A Synopsis of The Journal Article
fracture”
M. MackAldener, M. Olsson, 2002
11 October 2017 1
Summary
Context
Objectives
Key Results
Conclusions
Significance
To the research field
To my work
Reflections
What I learnt
Critique of approach
Challenges in understanding
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TIFF (tooth interior fatigue fracture) - failure
mode that is initiated as a fatigue crack in the
interior of the tooth of a gear
Occurs in case hardened idler gears (gears with
teeth loaded on both its gear flanks during each
revolution)
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Fatigue failure divided into three phases – initiation,
propagation and rapid failure
Crack propagation phase is analysed by FEA and
fractographic examination
Fractography – establish
and examine the origin of
a crack on a macro scale
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Validity of LEFM – cracks larger than 0.2mm
Crack initiation – mid height, below case core boundary
Two questions – is crack propagation fast, and does it slow down
once it reaches the case layer?
3D mesh with 3D crack dimensions
Results from FE based on real load situations
Simplifications
Stress intensity factor results –
Propagation in the interior of the tooth
Propagation in the case layer
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Paris’ law of crack growth increment
Constants C and m determined by fatigue test,
DCT-specimens
Least squares used to determine C and m
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Range in stress intensity factors at different
crack lengths is of interest
Mixed mode load – growth of fatigue cracks
complicated
Effective SIF range
Propagation in the interior – small crack to
large crack in 10 cycles
Propagation into the case layer – propagated
then seizes
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Observed deflection was always directed
towards the root and the deflection angle
varied between 35° and 55°
FE analysis was carried through for a 2.2 mm
long and 7.7 mm wide crack which had its
right crack tip in the case layer at the position
for the observed crack and its left crack tip
located at the centre line of the tooth.
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Silent assumptions
There exists an inherent crack length
Paris’ law used in mixed mode loading
Crack closure effects neglected
Paris’ law valid for internal crack free of oxidation
Results
A TIFF crack is initiated in the interior of the tooth and will propagate
into the case layer where it stops
The main crack propagation will take place into the core, creating a
plateau
The crack propagation into the core is of the order of 10 cycles
The crack deflection towards the root can be understood if the
redistribution of the tooth force due to the reduced tooth stiffness of a
cracked tooth is considered
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Significance of the paper to the research field
Successfully correlates numerous fracture mechanics and fatigue theories into
an applicable model for a real world application
Presents a feasible, functional relationship between loading conditions, material
properties and gear tooth crack propagation
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