Apperception

• Why is a
space left
between the
railway line
where one
piece joins
the next?
 Summary
• On a hot day, the metal
expands and if it were not
allowed to do this, the rails
would bend out of shape.
• This has caused railway
accident in the past.

click
EXPANSION
DEVIDE BECOME 3:

1. LINEAR EXPENSION
2. AREA EXPANSION
3. VOLUME EXPANSION
 Thermal
Expansion

Expansion Expansion Expansion

of solid of liquid of gas

Linear Area Volume

expansion expansion expansion

l= lo. . t A= Ao. . t V= Vo. . t

 S0LID OR LINEAR
EXPANSION
SOLIDS WILL EXPAND
WHEN IT IS HEATED AND
CONTRACT WHEN IT IS
COOLED
EXPANSION HAPPENS
BECAUSE THE ATOMS OF
AN OBJECT VIBRATE
FASTER THAN USUAL,
SO THAT ITS VOLUME IS
BIGGER AND HENCE, ITS
DENSITY DECREASES.
LINEAR EXPANSION OR
LENGTH EXPANSION IS
A KIND OF EXPANSION
WHICH OCCURS ON
LONGITUDINAL
DIRECTION.
THE LINEAR
EXPANSION
COEFISIENT (α) IS A
VALUE THAT STATES
THE RATE OF AN
EXPANSION SPEED OF
AN OBJECT PER
TEMPERATURE
DEGREE.
Linear Expansion
lo

l

lt
Linear Expansion
• The expansion of solid body is
proportional to the temperature
rise and to its length

We can make Formula

l  l o  t
Summary
Or We can write in equation of thermal
expansion:

l =  l o  t
l = change in length (m)
 = coefficient of thermal expansion ( o C 1)
lo = Initial length (m)
t = change in temperature ( oC)
Area Expansion
At

Ao
A
 We can make Formula
Area Expansion
A  A o  t
A = β A o  t
Example.
Area expansion can be observed at
window.
The area expansion coefficient is twice
the linear coefficient.
 β=2
BESIDES THE MATERIAL
OR THE OF MATTERS,
THE LENGTH OF
MATERIALS AND THE
CHANGE OF
TEMPERATURE ALSO
INFLUENCE THE
EXPANSION OF THE
MATERIALS.
THE HIGGER THE
CHANGE OF
TEMPERATURE ON
CERTAIN OBJECT IS,
THE BIGGER ITS
EXPANSION WILL BE.
VOLUME EXPANSION OR
SPASE EXPANSION IS
AN EXPANSION WHICH
OCCURS TO ALL
DIMENSIONS OF AN
OBJECT
(LENGTH,WIDTH,AND
DEPTH).
VOLUME EXPANSION IS
VERY USEFUL IN OUR
DAILY LIFE.
Thermal Expansion

Objective
Investigating thermal
expansion in solid
Summary
• Solid expand when they are heated, and
decrease in volume when they get colder.
• From a microscopic point of view, the
result of heating a material can be
explained as follows:
• There is an addition of energy to the material
• The internal energy of the atoms of the
material increase, causing atoms to vibrate
• The vibrating atoms now occupy more space
when hot compared to when cold.
Linear Expansion

• The magnitude of the thermal

expansion of the solid depend
on :
• Type of solid
• Temperature rise
• Length
Volume Expansion
Vt

Vo V
Volume Expansion

We can make Formula

V  V o  t
Or We can write in equation of thermal
expansion:
Summary
V =  V o  t
V = change in Volume (m 3)
 = coefficient of thermal expansion
( oC 1 )
 = 3 α
Vo = Initial Volume (m 3)
t = change in temperature ( oC)

The volume expansion coefficient is three times

larger than the linear expansion coefficient.

3 =‫ﻻ‬α
BIMETAL STRIP IS A
PLATE WICH IS MADE
OF TWO KINDS OF
METALS WITH
DIFFERENT LINEAR
EXPANSION
COEFFISIENT AND
PACKED INTO ONE.
THE NATURE OF THE
EXPANSION ON
BIMETAL STRIP IS USED
AS THE BASIS OF
BIMETAL
THERMOMETER AND
THERMOSTAT’S
OPERATION.
THERMOSTAT IS AN
APPARATUS FOR
MEASURING THE
TEMPEATURE OF THE
ROOM.
 SOMETIMES YOU CANNOT
DO YOU KNOW WHY
CLOSE A DOOR BECAUSE IT DOES NOT FIT
TO ITS FRAME ANY MORE? WHY CAN’T THE

GLASS OF THE WINDOW BE FIT WITH ITS FRAME?

THIS HAPPENS BECAUSE AT THE HOT NOON, THE
DOOR AND THE GLASS OF THE WINDOW EXPAND IN
ALL PARTS. THAT IS WHY WHEN YOU ARRANGE THE
DOOR, THE GLASS OF THE WINDOW, AND OTHER
PARTS OF HOUS, THE NATURES OF EXPANSION
SHOULD BE CONSIDERED. DUE TO ITS IMPORTANCE
TO OUR DAILY LIFE, WE SHOULD LEARN ABOUT THIS
VOLUME
Example

1. If it is know that the linear

expansion coefficient of aluminum
is 2.4 x 10-5 /oC, what is the final
length of an aluminum rod after
being heated from 30oC to 100oC.
The original length of the rod is 2 m.
Solution.
Area expansion in solid
Example.
A  Ao .  . T
Area expansion can A  Ao (1   .T )
be observed at for
window. A  Change in Area

The area expansion Ao  The first Area

  2  Area exp ansion coeficient
coefficient is twice
T  Change in Temperatur e
the linear
coefficient.
The formula of area
expansion :
Volume expansion in solid
The volume V  Vo .  . T
expansion V  Vo (1   .T )
coefficient is for
three times larger V  Change in volume
than the linear Vo  The first volume
  3  volume exp ansion coeficient
expansion
T  Change in Temperatur e
coefficient.
The formula of
volume expansion
is