MEANING & USE OF CERTAIN VERB

Deddy Purnomo R, MT
 SHOULD -OUGHT TO - NEED

SHOULD - OUGHT TO
Should and ought to are interchangeable for advice and conclusions :
♦ You should / you ought to write to your grandmother.
♦ He has revised all day; he should / he ought to be ready for his exam.

Should is also used :

◊ In hypothetical situations :
– Should anyone call, please take a message.
– Should you need any help, just call me.
– If I were you, I should leave. (In this last example, 'would' is often used
today.)
◊ With imagine, say , think to give tentative opinions :
– I should think the journey will take about two hours
 SHOULD -OUGHT TO – NEED (Cont’d)

NEED
Need expresses necessity.
♦ In summer, we need to drink more often. (= it is necessary for us to drink
water)
♦ You needn't / you don't need to take notes. You'll get a summary. (= it isn't
necessary to take notes)
♦ Need I / Do I need to do this? (= is it necessary for me to do this?)

NEEDN'T HAVE - DIDN'T NEED TO

◊ Needn't have is used to refer to an action which was performed but later
turned out to be unnecessary.
– We needn't have rushed to the airport; the flight was delayed.
– He needn't have taken a sweater; the weather was warm.
◊ Didn't need to is used to refer to an action in the past which was not
performed because there was no need for it.
– We didn't need to show our passports - ID cards were accepted.
 SAY - TELL

SAY
Say is used to report someone's words:
* She said "I'm thirsty."
* She said that she was thirsty.

Say is followed by 'to' before the object:

* Did she say that to you?

Say is used to ask about languages :

* How do you say 'water' in Spanish?

We say :
hello, goodbye, please, thank you, congratulations, Merry Christmas, Happy
New Year, Happy Birthday!
 SAY – TELL (Cont’d)

TELL
Tell is used to inform or instruct :
* Could you tell me the way to the station please?
* Tell the children to go to bed!

Tell is followed directly by the object :

* Did she tell you her name?

Tell is used for narration :

* Tom is good at telling stories.

We tell :
the time, our name, the truth, lies, the difference between two things.
 MUST – HAVE TO
Must and have to both express obligation.
However, they are used differently depending on who imposes the obligation.
MUST HAVE TO
The speaker thinks it is necessary. Someone else thinks it is necessary.
 I must buy flowers for my mother  I have to buy flowers for my mother-in-
(It's her birthday and I decide to do that). law.
(It is not my decision - my husband asked
 "You must take more exercise" me to do it.)
says the doctor.
(The doctor thinks it is necessary).  I have to take more exercise.
(doctor's orders!)
 I must ask my secretary to book a flight for me.
(It is important for me not to forget.)  I have to call the travel agency.
(My boss asked me to book a flight.)
 "Dogs must be kept on a lead"
(Written on a sign in the park =
a rule which must be respected)  I have to keep my dog on a lead.
(That's what the sign tells me to do.)

N.B. In the negative form, the meaning changes!

MUST NOT (MUSTN'T) DO NOT HAVE TO (DON'T HAVE TO)
You mustn't tell George You don't have to tell George
= it's important not to tell George = you can tell George if you like,
= don't tell George but it isn't necessary. It's your decision.
 REMEMBER - REMIND

Verb Meaning Example of use

To have / to keep in ▪ Do you remember the title of the book?

one's memory. ▪ I don't remember the author's name.
REMEMBER
▪ Remember to lock the door when you leave.
Don't forget.
▪ Remember to take your medicine.

Cause someone to
▪ Apple tart reminds me of my grandmother.
think of somebody or
▪ This town reminds me of the place where I grew up.
something.
REMIND
Make someone
remember something ▪ Remind me to call my sister; it's her birthday.
they may have ▪ I reminded him that we had signed an agreement.
forgotten
 ROB – STEAL - BURGLE
1) Rob - Steal
◊ You rob a person or place.
◊ You steal something that does not belong to you.

A robber or a thief
◊ robs a place (for example, a bank), or a person, of something.
◊ steals something from a place or a person

Examples :

▪ The thieves robbed the bank.

▪ The bank was robbed of a large amount of money.
▪ The gang stole a large amount of money from the bank.

▪ The thieves also robbed the customers of their wallets.

▪ The robbers stole their wallets from the customers.
▪ The customers' wallets were stolen by the robbers/thieves.
 ROB – STEAL – BURGLE (Cont’d)
2) A burglar
is a person who burgles a house by forcing a way into it and stealing from it.

Example :
During the concert, a number of houses in the area were burgled.
The burglar stole essentially jewelry, cash, credit cards and mobile phones.
He was caught by the police while trying to steal a car.

NOTE :
* 'Thief' is a noun describing someone who steals, but the verb 'to thieve' is rarely
used. It is more usual to say 'to steal something' or 'to rob someone'.
 PLAY – DO - GO
VERB SPORT/ACTIVITY

PLAY Sports with teams, rules and competitions or tournaments. Badminton

◊ Two people can play a game of tennis. Basketball
◊ You need a team to play football. Football
Golf
Rugby
Tennis
Soccer
etc.

GO The name of the activity is the gerund form of the verb ( -ing).
Camping
To camp → camping : We often go camping in the summer. Dancing
To swim → swimming: Many children like to go swimming. Hiking
Horse-riding
Sailing
Surfing
Swimming
etc.

DO All other recreational activities :

Aerobics
◊ All classes do gymnastics at school.
◊ Sophie does yoga with a group of friends. Athletics
Gymnastics
Judo
Karate
Yoga
etc.
 PLAY – DO - GO
VERB SPORT/ACTIVITY

PLAY Sports with teams, rules and competitions or tournaments. Badminton

◊ Two people can play a game of tennis. Basketball
◊ You need a team to play football. Football
Golf
Rugby
Tennis
Soccer
etc.

GO The name of the activity is the gerund form of the verb ( -ing).
Camping
To camp → camping : We often go camping in the summer. Dancing
To swim → swimming: Many children like to go swimming. Hiking
Horse-riding
Sailing
Surfing
Swimming
etc.

DO All other recreational activities :

Aerobics
◊ All classes do gymnastics at school.
◊ Sophie does yoga with a group of friends. Athletics
Gymnastics
Judo
Karate
Yoga
etc.