BEH.

420 Matlab Tutorial

Bambang Adiwijaya
09/20/01
 Starting Matlab
• On athena:
– Athena% add matlab
– Athena% matlab
• On PC:
– Point and click
 Matlab basic
• Functions:
– Matrix formulation: fast calculation
– Strong in numerical, but weak in analytical
– General purpose math solvers: nonlinear equations, ODEs, PDEs,
optimization
• Basic mode of usage:
– Interactive mode
– M-script
– Functions
• M-script and Functions must be written in separate files
 Basic Syntax
• Case sensitive variable name • Looping in matlab:
• Ending a statement with a “;” for I = 1:N,
for J = 1:N,
• Vector: Vec(i) A(I,J) = 1/(I+J-1);

• Matrix: Mat(i,j,…) end

end

• Element by element matrix • If statement:

operations: if I == J
– “.*, ./, .^2” A(I,J) = 2;
elseif abs(I-J) == 1
• General matrix operations: A(I,J) = -1;
– Cross product (*) else
A(I,J) = 0;
end
 Basic Matlab Commands
Matlab commands Functions and descriptions

help functionname Matlab on-line help for functions

lookfor searchphrase To find matlab function with descriptions

containing the search phrase
who To list all variables currently used

size(matrix) To identify the dimensionality of the matrix

ones(m,n) To create a unit matrix of size m x n

print –depsc filename.ps To print an active plot (later use lpr to print in
athena)
 Function

• A function must be created under a separate file

• Function name and filename should be the same
• Example:

function [res] = no1fun(x,p1);

res(1)=x(1)*x(2)-p1;
res(2)=x(1)-2*x(2);
 Plotting
• figure; %to create a new popup window
• plot(X,Y,'c+:‘); semilogx(X,Y,’bx-’);
• subplot(row,col,figno), title([‘example title’]);
• ylabel(‘temp’); xlabel(‘conc’);
• axis([minX maxX minY maxY]);
• Example:
a=(1:10);
b=a.^2;
c=a.^0.5;
figure;
subplot(2,1,1), semilogx(a,b,’bx-’);
subplot(2,1,2), plot(a,c, ‘rs:’);
 Fsolve: solving nonlinear equations
• FSOLVE solves equations of the form:
F(X)=0 where F and X may be vectors or matrices.
• Syntax:
X=fsolve('FUN',X0,OPTIONS, P1,P2,...)
• Problem:
Solve:
x(1)*x(2)-3=0
x(1)-2*x(2)=0
 ODE solvers: solving ordinary
differential equations
• ODE23, ODE45, ODE113, ODE15S, ODE23S
– ODE45: Runge Kutta (4,5) formula, best first try function
– ODE23: Runge Kutta (2,3) formula.
– ODE113: variable order Adams-Bashforth-Moulton PECE solver. More
efficient when the function evaluation is expensive.
• Stiff vs non-stiff ODEs
• Function: solving y’=F(t,y).
• ODE file must be in the form of: dydt=F(t,y,flag,p)
• Syntax:
[T,Y] = ode45('F',TSPAN,Y0,OPTIONS,P1,P2,...)
 ODE solvers: how to solve higher order
ODE?
• Example: how to solve:
y’’+2y’+3=0?
• Answer: make substitution.
Y1=y
Y2=y’
New formulation:
Y1’=Y2
Y2’=-2Y2-3
 Curvefitting
• CURVEFIT solves problems of the form:
min sum {(FUN(X,XDATA)-YDATA).^2} where FUN, XDATA and
YDATA are
X vectors.
• Syntax:
X=curvefit('FUN',X,XDATA,YDATA,OPTIONS,'GRADFUN',P1,P2,..)
• Examples:
Fit the following data into the following model and regress x
parameters:
ydata=p*x(1)+x(2)*exp(-xdata);
 Importing data

• Textread, dlmread
DLMREAD read ASCII delimited file.
M = dlmread(FILENAME,DLM)
TEXTREAD read text file in a certain format
[A B] = textread(‘datafile','%f %f');