COMPOSITE CLIMATE

• LOCATION:-15- 30deg latitude on both the he

 Composite climate

• The composite zone covers the central part of

India.
• Cities like allahabad, kanpur, delhi,jharkhand,
etc
• A variable landscape and seasonal vegetation
characterize this zone.
 Features
• Very hot and dry in summer.
• High humidity in monsoon.
• Extreme cold and dry.
• Average rainfall- 500-1300mm.
• Seasonal vegetation.
• Sky conditions- dull in monsoon.
hazy in summer.
foggy in winter.
• Winds are hot and dusty.
• Intensity of solar radiations is high in summer.
 Design features
• Appropriate orientation and shape of the
building.
• Use of trees as wind barriers.
• Roof insulation and wall insulation.
• Thicker walls.
• Airlocks and balconies.
• Walls protected by overhanging fins and
trees.
• Courtyards and arrangement of openings.
• Trees and ponds for evaporative cooling.
 Climate influence

• Due to the composite climate, the orientation

of the houses should be such that,penetration
of the sun rays maximum in winter and
minimum in summer.
• The path of the sun,controls the height of the
building, as the sun is needed for each dwelling
unit.
 Jharkhand
• The primary element was a single interior
living space, which may have being sub-
divided multiplied or otherwise modified.
• Second, an external space adjacent to or
surrounded by the dwelling walls emphasized
by use of elements such as low platforms or
verandahs.
• An average hut measured approximately 5-6m
and 3-4m wide.
• These huts were arranged in a linear pattern
along the main street of a village usually
amidst a group of bamboo tree.
• The houses were normally surrounded by a
fence made of bamboo, shrubs or twigs that
define the boundary between the public
street and the semi public courtyard area in
front and at the rear of the hut.
• This open to sky courtyard added a prime space for
the house, especially during the day in winter and
the evenings in summer.
• Most day to day activities occurred in this space.
often there was a well in this courtyard that served
as the source for water for drinking, bathing,
washing and cooking.
• People used this courtyard to dry clothes, crops and
eatables during the day time.
• The house sat on a raised platform made of
compacted earth.